IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/cup/endeec/v22y2017i06p771-791_00.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

CO2 emissions and militarization in G7 countries: panel cointegration and trivariate causality approaches

Author

Listed:
  • Bildirici, Melike

Abstract

This paper aims to test the relation among militarization, CO2 emissions, economic growth and energy consumption in G7 countries from 1985 to 2015 via panel methods. Long- and short-run coefficients and the causal relationship between the variables are important for G7 countries' energy policies and strategy. Cointegration among CO2 emissions, militarization, energy consumption and economic growth was determined by using panel Johansen and panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) methods. Further, the panel trivariate causality test was applied and unidirectional causalities from militarization to CO2 emissions and from energy consumption to CO2 emissions were found. The evidence of bidirectional causality between per capita GDP and militarization, between per capita GDP and energy consumption, and between energy consumption and militarization was determined. The paper recommends that environmental and energy policies must recognize the differences in the relation between militarization, energy consumption and economic growth in order to maintain sustainable economic growth in the G7 countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Bildirici, Melike, 2017. "CO2 emissions and militarization in G7 countries: panel cointegration and trivariate causality approaches," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(6), pages 771-791, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:endeec:v:22:y:2017:i:06:p:771-791_00
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1355770X1700016X/type/journal_article
    File Function: link to article abstract page
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Korhan K. Gokmenoglu & Nigar Taspinar & Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, 2021. "Military expenditure, financial development and environmental degradation in Turkey: A comparison of CO2 emissions and ecological footprint," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 986-997, January.
    2. Wang, Kai-Hua & Su, Chi-Wei & Lobonţ, Oana-Ramona & Umar, Muhammad, 2021. "Whether crude oil dependence and CO2 emissions influence military expenditure in net oil importing countries?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    3. Olcay Çolak & Sevilay Ece Gümüş Özuyar & Ömer Faruk Bölükbaşı, 2022. "Asymmetric Effects of the Defense Burden on Environmental Degradation: Evidence from NATO Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Ben Youssef, Slim, 2021. "Symmetric and asymmetric relationships between renewable energy, oil imports, arms exports, military spending, and economic growth in China," MPRA Paper 111413, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Saba, Charles Shaaba, 2023. "Nexus between CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption, militarisation, and economic growth in South Africa: Evidence from using novel dynamic ARDL simulations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 349-365.
    6. Sohag, Kazi & Taşkın, F. Dilvin & Malik, Muhammad Nasir, 2019. "Green economic growth, cleaner energy and militarization: Evidence from Turkey," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Ben Youssef, Slim, 2020. "The relationships between renewable energy, net energy imports, arms exports, and military expenditures in the USA," MPRA Paper 110959, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Pata, Ugur Korkut & Destek, Mehmet Akif & Manga, Muge & Cengiz, Orhan, 2022. "Militarization of NATO Countries Sparks Climate Change? Investigating the Moderating Role of Technological Progress and Financial Development," MPRA Paper 117567, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cup:endeec:v:22:y:2017:i:06:p:771-791_00. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Kirk Stebbing (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.cambridge.org/ede .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.