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Internationales Währungssystem: Ist der US-Dollar als Leitwährung überholt?

Author

Listed:
  • Lukas Menkhoff
  • Stephan Schulmeister
  • Bernd Kempa
  • Norbert Walter

Abstract

In letzter Zeit wurden einige kritische Äußerungen zur Rolle des US-Dollar als Leit-währung laut. Sollte er als Weltleit- und Reservewährung ersetzt werden? Lukas Menkhoff, Universität Hannover, sieht den US-Dollar »längst in der Phase des Siech-tums als internationale Leitwährung«. Die Gründe dafür seien aber weniger in Feh-lern der USA zu finden als in der Dynamik offener Volkswirtschaften, die zu einer Einkommensangleichung vieler Volkswirtschaften in Richtung der reichen Länder führen werde. In diesem Prozess gehe die relative Bedeutung einer nur noch wenig wachsenden Volkswirtschaft zurück. Deshalb werde der US-Dollar als Leitwährung abgelöst, wofür mehrere Szenarien denkbar seien. In keinem Szenario scheine es plausibel, dass der US-Dollar »seinen 100. Geburtstag als Leitwährung erleben wer-de«. Für Stephan Schulmeister, Österreichischen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Wien, ist die Globalisierung ohne supranationale Währung ein »fataler Widerspruch«. Eine immer stärker globalisierte Wirtschaft brauche eine supranationale Leitwährung, also eine echte Weltwährung, denn ansonsten gebe es einen unlösbaren Grundkonflikt zwischen den »nationalökonomischen« Interessen des Leitwährungslandes und den »globalökonomischen« Interessen der Weltwirtschaft. Eine neue Weltwährung könnte z.B. den Dollar, Euro, Renminbi und Yen umfassen. Bernd Kempa, Universität Münster, hingegen sieht gegenwärtig den US-Dollar als Leitwährung alternativlos. Zudem werde im Zuge einer Korrektur der globalen Ungleichgewichte der Dollar wieder an Vertrauen und Glaubwürdigkeit gewinnen, so dass er auch weiterhin die Rolle als dominante Fakturierungswährung im internationalen Handel ausfüllen könne. Norbert Walter, Deutsche Bank Group, weist darauf hin, dass es bei einer Änderung der Weltreservewährung nicht vorrangig um den Wert des Instruments, sondern um Kosten und Koordinierung dieser Ablösung geht. Dies komme dem Dollar derzeit zu Gute. Außerdem seien zwingende Argumente für eine bestimmte Währungsalternative derzeit nicht vorhanden.

Suggested Citation

  • Lukas Menkhoff & Stephan Schulmeister & Bernd Kempa & Norbert Walter, 2009. "Internationales Währungssystem: Ist der US-Dollar als Leitwährung überholt?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 62(16), pages 03-18, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:62:y:2009:i:16:p:03-18
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barry Eichengreen & Ricardo Hausmann & Ugo Panizza, 2007. "Currency Mismatches, Debt Intolerance, and the Original Sin: Why They Are Not the Same and Why It Matters," NBER Chapters, in: Capital Controls and Capital Flows in Emerging Economies: Policies, Practices, and Consequences, pages 121-170, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Internationales Währungssystem; Währungsreserven; US-Dollar; Reservewährung; Weltwirtschaft; Globalisierung; Krise; Vereinigte Staaten; Welt;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System

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