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What drives local communities to engage in climate change mitigation activities? Examining the rural–urban divide

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  • Ulrike Zeigermann
  • Marlene Kammerer
  • Michael Böcher

Abstract

The National Climate Initiative (NKI) in Germany provides a strong incentive for local governments to apply for funding to engage in climate protection activities. Yet, the latest evaluation of the NKI confirms that there is a great disparity in the distribution of funding across regions. Taking this regional fragmentation as a starting point, we ask the following: How can we explain disparity in the amount of funding across counties and cities? We draw on climate policy literature pointing to the role of socioeconomic and political determinants and the settlement structure to answer this question. We study all 400 cities and counties to test hypotheses concerning disparity in the likelihood and amount of climate funding, using data from the German Ministry for the Environment and further regional statistics. Running different multilevel regression models, we show that local climate funding is more likely in cities and more urbanized counties than in rural counties with less population and oftentimes also with less young and educated people. We argue that despite the increasing number of local governments getting active in climate protection in Germany, there is important unused potential for climate change mitigation in rural counties. Therefore, we conclude by proposing a new research agenda focusing on climate change mitigation in rural areas. La Iniciativa Climática Nacional (NKI) en Alemania brinda un fuerte incentivo para que los gobiernos locales soliciten financiamiento para participar en actividades de protección climática. Sin embargo, la última evaluación del NKI confirma que existe una gran disparidad en la distribución de la financiación entre regiones. Tomando esta fragmentación regional como punto de partida, nos preguntamos lo siguiente: ¿Cómo podemos explicar la disparidad en la cantidad de fondos entre condados y ciudades? Nos basamos en la literatura sobre política climática que señala el papel de los determinantes socioeconómicos y políticos y la estructura de los asentamientos para responder a esta pregunta. Estudiamos las 400 ciudades y condados para probar hipótesis sobre la disparidad en la probabilidad y la cantidad de financiamiento climático, utilizando datos del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente de Alemania y otras estadísticas regionales. Al ejecutar diferentes modelos de regresión multinivel, mostramos que la financiación climática local es más probable en las ciudades y los condados más urbanizados que en los condados rurales con menos población y, a menudo, también con menos gente joven y educada. Argumentamos que, a pesar del creciente número de gobiernos locales que se activan en la protección del clima en Alemania, existe un importante potencial no utilizado para la mitigación del cambio climático en los condados rurales. Por lo tanto, concluimos proponiendo una nueva agenda de investigación centrada en la mitigación del cambio climático en las zonas rurales. 德国的国家气候倡议(NKI)为地方政府申请资金参与气候保护活动一事提供了强有力的激励。不过,NKI的最新评价证实,各地区的资金分配存在巨大差异。以这种区域碎片化为出发点,我们提出以下问题:我们能如何解释县市之间资金数额的差异?为回答该问题,我们借鉴了气候政策文献,后者有关于社会经济决定因素和政治决定因素的作用以及定居点的结构。我们使用德国环境部的数据和进一步的地区统计数据,研究了所有400个城市和县,以检验有关气候资金可能性及数量差异的假设。通过运行不同的多层次回归模型,我们表明,与人口较少且通常年轻人较少、受教育人数较少的农村县相比,城市和城市化程度更高的县更有可能获得地方气候资金。我们论证认为,尽管德国越来越多的地方政府积极参与气候保护,但农村地区在减缓气候变化方面具有重要的未开发的潜力。因此,我们最后提出了一项新的研究议程,聚焦于农村地区的气候变化缓解。

Suggested Citation

  • Ulrike Zeigermann & Marlene Kammerer & Michael Böcher, 2023. "What drives local communities to engage in climate change mitigation activities? Examining the rural–urban divide," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 894-919, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:6:p:894-919
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12528
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