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Municipal Neoliberalism and Municipal Socialism: Urban Political Economy in Latin America

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  • BENJAMIN GOLDFRANK
  • ANDREW SCHRANK

Abstract

The following article identifies two different urban policy regimes in Latin America — neoliberal and socialist — and traces their origins to the distinct interests and capacities of local elites and activists in the region's cities in the mid‐to‐late twentieth century. While agricultural and commercial interests paid a high price for the growth of import‐substituting industrialization, and therefore deployed free trade zones (and similar institutions) in traditional export centers in the 1960s and 1970s, their industrial rivals bore the brunt of austerity and adjustment in the free market era, and therefore adopted compensatory measures designed to increase the ‘social wage’ in the 1980s and 1990s. Examples are drawn from municipalities in Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela, and call the conventional portrait of impotent Latin American cities — and omnipotent central governments — into question. Résumé Cet article identifie deux régimes de politique urbaine différents en Amérique latine : néolibéral et socialiste. Leurs origines tiennent aux divers intérêts et moyens des élites et militants locaux dans les grandes villes régionales au cours de la seconde moitié du vingtième siècle. Si les milieux agricoles et commerciaux ont payé le prix fort de l’essor d’une industrialisation visant à remplacer les importations, et ont donc mis en place des zones de libre échange (ou des institutions similaires) dans les pôles exportateurs traditionnels au cours des années 1960–1970, leurs rivaux industriels ont porté le poids de l’austérité et de l’ajustement à l’époque de la libéralisation des marchés, adoptant par conséquent des mesures compensatoires destinées à accroître le ‘salaire social’ au cours des années 1980–1990. Des exemples, issus de municipalités situées au Brésil, au Mexique, en République dominicaine, en Uruguay et au Venezuela, remettent en question le tableau conventionnel des villes latino‐américaines impuissantes face aux gouvernements centraux omnipotents.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Goldfrank & Andrew Schrank, 2009. "Municipal Neoliberalism and Municipal Socialism: Urban Political Economy in Latin America," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 443-462, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:33:y:2009:i:2:p:443-462
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00834.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Mike Geddes, 2014. "Neoliberalism and local governance: Radical developments in Latin America," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(15), pages 3147-3163, November.
    2. Esther Hernández‐Medina, 2010. "Social Inclusion through Participation: the Case of the Participatory Budget in São Paulo," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(3), pages 512-532, September.
    3. Jennifer Robinson, 2016. "Comparative Urbanism: New Geographies and Cultures of Theorizing the Urban," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1), pages 187-199, January.
    4. Juan Miguel Kanai, 2014. "Capital of the Amazon Rainforest: Constructing a Global City-region for Entrepreneurial Manaus," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(11), pages 2387-2405, August.
    5. Jennifer Robinson, 2022. "Introduction: Generating concepts of ‘the urban’ through comparative practice," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(8), pages 1521-1535, June.
    6. Catalina Ortiz, 2024. "Writing the Latin American city: Trajectories of urban scholarship," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 61(3), pages 399-425, February.
    7. Bj⊘rn Sletto & Anja Nygren, 2015. "Unsettling Neoliberal Rationalities: Engaged Ethnography and the Meanings of Responsibility in the Dominican Republic and Mexico," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(5), pages 965-983, September.
    8. Jean Grugel & Pía Riggirozzi, 2012. "Post-neoliberalism in Latin America: Rebuilding and Reclaiming the State after Crisis," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 43(1), pages 1-21, January.
    9. Mike Geddes, 2010. "Building and Contesting Neoliberalism at the Local Level: Reflections on the Symposium and on Recent Experience in Bolivia," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 163-173, March.
    10. Raksha Vasudevan & Bjørn Sletto, 2020. "“They Sold Us Illusions”: Informality, Redevelopment, and the Politics of Limpieza in the Dominican Republic," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(3), pages 252-262.
    11. Markus Holdo, 2016. "Reasons of Power: Explaining Non-cooptation in Participatory Budgeting," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(2), pages 378-394, March.

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