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The Role of Capital and Liquidity in Bank Lending: Are Banks Safer?

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  • Salvatore Polizzi
  • Enzo Scannella
  • Nuria Suárez

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to examine whether and to what extent bank capital requirements and liquidity standards influence the level of bank stability. Our approach is that both capital and liquidity affect lending growth, which in turn affects bank stability. We construct a panel dataset on a sample of 2,054 commercial banks from 117 developed and developing countries during the 2000–16 period. By applying a two‐stage least squares (2SLS) empirical methodology, our findings show that capital and liquidity have a negative direct impact on the level of bank stability. However, this influence is counteracted by an indirect positive effect through the increased level of credit. Our results are not homogeneous across legal and institutional environments. In particular, we provide evidence on more relevant relationships in countries with higher level of protection of creditor rights and lower restrictions on non‐traditional banking activities. Our empirical findings are robust to different specifications of the empirical model and to potential endogeneity problems.

Suggested Citation

  • Salvatore Polizzi & Enzo Scannella & Nuria Suárez, 2020. "The Role of Capital and Liquidity in Bank Lending: Are Banks Safer?," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 11(S1), pages 28-38, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:glopol:v:11:y:2020:i:s1:p:28-38
    DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12750
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    Cited by:

    1. Simona Galletta & Sebastiano Mazzù, 2023. "ESG controversies and bank risk taking," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 274-288, January.
    2. Mohamed Malek Belhoula & Naima Lassoued & Imen Khanchel & Dorsaf Ghraidi, 2026. "Beyond numbers: negative disclosure tone, bank risk, and ownership structure in Middle East and North African Banks," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(1), pages 224-239, March.
    3. Kabundi, Alain & De Simone, Francisco Nadal, 2022. "Euro area banking and monetary policy shocks in the QE era," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    4. Anureet Virk Sidhu & Shailesh Rastogi & Rajani Gupte & Venkata Mrudula Bhimavarapu, 2022. "Impact of Liquidity Coverage Ratio on Performance of Select Indian Banks," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Ivica Klinac & Roberto Ercegovac & Mario Pecaric, 2021. "Post Crisis Banking Sector Regulation And European Union Economic Growth Nexus," Economic Review: Journal of Economics and Business, University of Tuzla, Faculty of Economics, vol. 19(2), pages 15-26, November.
    6. Retselisitsoe I. Thamae & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2022. "The impact of bank regulation on bank lending: a review of international literature," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(4), pages 405-418, December.
    7. Sun, Sha & Qian, Gong & Yu, Jingjing, 2024. "The impacts of China's shadow banking regulation on bank lending—An empirical analysis based on textual analysis and machine learning," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    8. Jiang, Haiyun & Xu, Shulin & Cui, Jingwen & Subhani, Ghulam, 2023. "The impact of bank capital, liquidity and funding liquidity on sustainable bank lending: Evidence from MENA region," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 713-726.
    9. Probir Kumar Bhowmik & Shahadat Hossain & Niluthpaul Sarker, 2025. "Liquidity in State-owned Banks: what matters the most," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 15(1), pages 1-5.
    10. BOATENG Kwakye & OMANE-ANTWI Kwame Bosiako & QUEKU Yaw Ndori, 2025. "Liquidity Constraints and Tax Liability Targeting of Banks in Ghana: Analysis of Persistence and Distance to Target," Foundations of Management, Sciendo, vol. 17(1), pages 247-272.
    11. Población García, Francisco Javier & Suárez, Nuria, 2025. "A study on the interaction of capital, liquidity and bank stability," Working Paper Series 3134, European Central Bank.
    12. Marwan Alzoubi, 2025. "Liquidity funding and lending in MENA," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(3), pages 464-473, September.
    13. Isaac Ofoeda & Elikplimi Komla Agbloyor & Joshua Yindenaba Abor & Kofi Osei Achampong, 2022. "Foreign direct investment, anti‐money laundering regulations and economic growth," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 670-692, April.

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