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Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Groups in Bolivia

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  • Maira Emy Reimão
  • Emcet O. Taş

Abstract

This paper studies gender education gaps among indigenous and nonindigenous groups in Bolivia. Using the National Census of Population and Housing 2012 and an estimation method analogous to difference-in-differences, the paper finds that the intersection of gender and indigenous identity confers cumulative disadvantage for indigenous women in literacy, years of schooling, and primary and secondary school completion. Although gender education gaps have become narrower across generations, there remain significant differences among indigenous groups. The Aymara have the largest gender gap in all outcomes, despite having high overall attainment rates and mostly residing in urban centers, with greater physical access to schools. The Quechua have relatively smaller gender gaps, but these are accompanied by lower attainment levels. The paper discusses the possible sources of these differentials and highlights the importance of taking gender dynamics within each indigenous group into greater consideration.
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Suggested Citation

  • Maira Emy Reimão & Emcet O. Taş, 2017. "Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Groups in Bolivia," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 48(2), pages 228-262, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:devchg:v:48:y:2017:i:2:p:228-262
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/dech.2017.48.issue-2
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    Cited by:

    1. Delprato, Marcos, 2019. "Parental education expectations and achievement for Indigenous students in Latin America: Evidence from TERCE learning survey," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 10-25.
    2. Michael Coon, 2016. "Remittances and child labor in Bolivia," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Thiede, Brian C. & Gray, Clark, 2020. "Characterizing the indigenous forest peoples of Latin America: Results from census data," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    4. Bauchet, Jonathan & Undurraga, Eduardo A. & Reyes-García, Victoria & Behrman, Jere R. & Godoy, Ricardo A., 2018. "Conditional cash transfers for primary education: Which children are left out?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 1-12.
    5. Reyes-García, Victoria & Fernández-Llamazares, Álvaro & Bauchet, Jonathan & Godoy, Ricardo, 2020. "Variety of indigenous peoples’ opinions of large infrastructure projects: The TIPNIS road in the Bolivian Amazon," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).

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