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Testing the Integration of U.S.–Canadian Meat and Livestock Markets

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  • Thomas Vollrath
  • Charles Hallahan

Abstract

Price transmission is a critically important issue that affects market enlargement and the unification of Canadian–U.S. agriculture. This study adopts alternative frameworks to examine the nature of cross‐border integration in selected meat and livestock markets. The aim is to determine the extent to which selected meat and livestock markets transmit price signals across the international border using time‐series data through 2001. Typically, price‐based studies examining market integration across countries ignore important spatial and temporal factors affecting commodity price relationships such as adjustments lags, changes in the value of national currencies, and policy‐induced trade barriers. Here, we account for such factors in our two model specifications. The first model is based upon the law‐of‐one price (LOP) framework and focuses on spatial efficiency. The second analytical framework is the vector autoregressive (VAR) model that highlights the dynamic notion of market connectedness. The LOP analysis permits us to formally test the existence of perfect market integration and complete market segmentation. The VAR analysis enables us to gauge price‐shock transference. Empirical evidence is generated confirming that the two national markets for whole chicken are segmented, a not unsurprising finding given that poultry is a supply managed sector in Canada. The Canadian–U.S. hog‐ and pork‐product markets were found to be more integrated than the Canadian–U.S. steer‐ and beef‐product markets. Evidence is also provided showing that the Canadian–U.S. exchange rate inhibits cross‐border integration in these commodity markets. La transmission des prix est un sujet extrêmement important qui gêne l'expansion des marchés et l'unification de l'agriculture du Canada et des États‐Unis. Dans la présente étude, nous avons utilisé divers cadres d'analyse pour examiner la nature de l'intégration transfrontalière de marchés sélectionnés de la viande et des bestiaux. L'objectif consistait à déterminer l'étendue avec laquelle des marchés sélectionnés de la viande et des bestiaux transmettent des signaux de prix au‐delà des frontières en utilisant des données de séries chronologiques jusqu'en 2001. Généralement, les études de prix qui examinent l'intégration des marchés entre les pays font abstraction de facteurs spatiaux et temporels importants touchant le rapport des prix des produits de base tels que le décalage dans les rajustements, la variation du cours des devises nationales et les obstacles au commerce induits par les politiques. Dans le présent article, nous avons tenu compte de ces facteurs dans les spécifications de deux modèles. Le premier est modèle fondé sur la loi du prix unique qui met l'accent sur l'efficacité spatiale. Le deuxième est un modèle d'autorégression vectorielle (VAR) qui met en évidence la notion dynamique de la connexité des marchés. Le modèle fondé sur la loi du prix unique nous a permis de vérifier l'existence de l'intégration parfaite et de la segmentation totale des marchés. Le modèle d'autorégression vectorielle nous a permis d'évaluer le transfert d'un choc de prix. L'évidence empirique a confirmé que les deux marchés nationaux du poulet entier étaient segmentés, un résultat qui n'est pas sans surprise compte tenu que l'élevage du poulet au Canada est un secteur soumis à la gestion de l'offre. Nous avons trouvé que les marchés canado‐américains des porcs et de la viande porcine étaient plus intégrés que les marchés canado‐américains des bovins et de la viande bovine. L'évidence empirique a également montré que le taux de change entravait l'intégration transfrontalière de ces marchés de produits de base.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Vollrath & Charles Hallahan, 2006. "Testing the Integration of U.S.–Canadian Meat and Livestock Markets," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 54(1), pages 55-79, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:54:y:2006:i:1:p:55-79
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2006.00038.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kerr, William A. & Cullen, Susan E. & Sommerville, Margot F., 1986. "Trade Barriers and the Western Canadian Livestock Industry," Working Papers 243934, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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    1. Raper, Kellie Curry & Thornsbury, Suzanne & Aguilar, Cristobal, 2009. "Regional Wholesale Price Relationships in the Presence of Counter-Seasonal Imports," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 41(1), pages 1-20, April.
    2. Holst, Carsten & von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan, 2013. "Trade, market integration and spatial price transmission on EU pork markets following Eastern enlargement," DARE Discussion Papers 1307, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development (DARE).
    3. Jaramillo, Jose Luis & Yunez-Naude, Antonio & Serrano-Cote, Valeria, 2012. "Spatial Integration Of Mexico And United States In Grain Market: The Case Of Maize, Wheat And Sorghum," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126495, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Holst, Carsten & Cramon-Taubdel, Stephan von, 2014. "Trade, Market Integration and Spatial Price Transmission on EU Pork Markets following Eastern Enlargement," 54th Annual Conference, Goettingen, Germany, September 17-19, 2014 187598, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    5. Pouliot, Sebastien & Sumner, Daniel A., 2014. "Differential impacts of country of origin labeling: COOL econometric evidence from cattle markets," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(P1), pages 107-116.
    6. Holst, Carsten & Cramon-Taubdel, Stephan von, 2014. "Trade, Market Integration and Spatial Price Transmission on EU Pork Markets following Eastern Enlargement," Department of Agricultural and Rural Development (DARE) Discussion Papers 187598, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development (DARE).
    7. Doan, Darcie & Goldstein, Andrew & Zahniser, Steven & Vollrath, Tom & Bolling, Chris, 2005. "North American Integration in Agriculture: A Survey," 2004 NAAMIC Workshop I: North American Agrifood Market Integration: Current Situation and Perspectives 163851, North American Agrifood Market Integration Consortium (NAAMIC).
    8. Edgar E. Twine & James Rude & Jim Unterschultz, 2016. "Country of Origin Labeling and Structural Change in U.S. Imports of Canadian Cattle and Beef," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 64(3), pages 545-563, September.

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