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Lean, Green, and Sustainability 4.0—A Systematic Literature Review

Author

Listed:
  • Diogo Marques Vilaça
  • Jose Carlos de Sá
  • Jiju Antony
  • Michael Sony
  • Olivia McDermott

Abstract

This purpose of the study is to conduct a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis to explore the integration of Lean–Green–Sustainability (LGS) with Industry 4.0 technologies for holistic organizational development. Following PRISMA guidelines, the study critically examines the evolving research, identifying an increasing convergence of Lean and Green principles with Sustainability, though systematic investigations into LGS and LGS 4.0 remain limited. The study finds that the field is growing, with significant research emerging from India, Brazil, and the United States. A conceptual framework is developed to guide organizations in the successful implementation of LGS 4.0, emphasizing its role in enhancing operational efficiency, economic and environmental impact reduction, and social and governance sustainability. This study contributes by synthesizing the current state of LGS research and setting the agenda for future studies. It also provides practical insights for organizations seeking to integrate LGS 4.0 principles. As one of the first and most comprehensive studies on the synergistic and complementary nature of LG, LGS, and LGS 4.0, it offers valuable theoretical and managerial implications for sustainability‐driven digital transformation.

Suggested Citation

  • Diogo Marques Vilaça & Jose Carlos de Sá & Jiju Antony & Michael Sony & Olivia McDermott, 2026. "Lean, Green, and Sustainability 4.0—A Systematic Literature Review," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(1), pages 1219-1238, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:bstrat:v:35:y:2026:i:1:p:1219-1238
    DOI: 10.1002/bse.70215
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    References listed on IDEAS

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