An energy‐efficient model for PPE waste management in a closed‐loop supply chain

The COVID‐19 crisis has significantly increased non‐decomposable personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, and shields. The improper disposal of these items poses a serious environmental threat. The present study explores the potential of recycling PPE to not only enhance the profitability of the supply chain but also address the environmental challenges associated with disposal. Specifically, it focuses on implementing a closed‐loop approach involving the manufacturer, the customer, and the collector. An extensive literature review on inventory models was conducted, resulting in a comprehensive data set. The numerical analysis, conducted using the Generalized Reduced Gradient Solver, validates the findings. The proposed model suggests that investing in a closed‐loop supply chain, employing an energy‐efficient approach, can effectively reduce carbon emissions at every stage of the system. This can be achieved by leveraging intelligent machinery and skilled labor to meet the growing demand for PPE while minimizing energy consumption. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of implementing the reduce, reuse, and recycle (3Rs) phenomenon to manage waste effectively. This study provides valuable insights for businesses aiming to optimize waste management practices and contribute to economic‐environmental‐social sustainability.