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Central bank asset purchase programmes: how is money created and then destroyed?
[Les programmes d’achats de titres par les banques centrales : par quels mécanismes la monnaie est-elle créée puis détruite ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Adam David
  • Gentil Thibaut
  • Arrata William
  • Maggiar Nicolas

Abstract

Over the last decade, central banks have made extensive use of asset purchase programmes to tackle a number of crises. In addition to their impact on interest rates, these programmes have led to a mechanical and temporary increase in the amount of money in circulation in the economy. This article explains how the creation of central bank money, i.e. money exchanged in a closed circuit between the government, the central bank and commercial banks, is combined with the creation of commercial bank money held by businesses and households. The redemption of the securities held then gradually ensures the destruction of the money previously created. Since 2022, the Eurosystem has been reducing the amount of outstanding securities it holds by only partially reinvesting principal payments from maturing securities. Depuis une décennie, les banques centrales ont massivement utilisé des programmes d’achats de titres pour faire face à différentes crises. Outre leur action sur les taux d’intérêt, ces programmes ont conduit à un accroissement mécanique et temporaire de la monnaie en circulation dans l’économie. Cet article détaille la manière dont la création de monnaie centrale, c’est à dire la monnaie échangée dans un circuit fermé entre l’État, la banque centrale et les banques commerciales, se double d’une création de monnaie commerciale détenue par les entreprises et les ménages. Par la suite, le remboursement des titres détenus assure progressivement la destruction de la monnaie préalablement créée. Depuis 2022, l’Eurosystème réduit l’encours de titres qu’il détient en ne réinvestissant plus en totalité les montants arrivant à échéance.

Suggested Citation

  • Adam David & Gentil Thibaut & Arrata William & Maggiar Nicolas, 2023. "Central bank asset purchase programmes: how is money created and then destroyed? [Les programmes d’achats de titres par les banques centrales : par quels mécanismes la monnaie est-elle créée puis d," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 248.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2023:248:01
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bindseil, Ulrich & Manzanares, Andrés & Weller, Benedict, 2004. "The role of central bank capital revisited," Working Paper Series 392, European Central Bank.
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