Promoting Urban Sustainability Through the Local Production of Ecological Paving Stones and Green Coal

This study addresses the pressing environmental challenges of urban pollution and deforestation in developing countries by proposing sustainable solutions through the local production of eco-friendly paving stones and green charcoal. The primary objective is to reduce urban waste while simultaneously lowering CO₂ emissions in developing urban areas. The study employs a systematic and multivariate approach, integrating theoretical insights with empirical evaluations. Grounded in a robust framework encompassing urban sustainability, the circular economy, and environmental justice. The study utilizes Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a methodological tool to analyze the performance of eco-friendly materials. Data were synthesized from 50 sources published between 2000 and 2023, selected based on their relevance, objectivity, and traceability. The analysis reveals that ecological paving stones possess mechanical properties comparable to traditional pavers, with enhanced durability in wet environments. The production of green charcoal as a new energy represents a key success of the SDG 7, reduces CO₂ emissions by 20% and deforestation by 15% in the local area. By reducing waste, lowering carbon emissions, and mitigating deforestation, these innovations pave the way toward sustainable urban development that aligns with sustainable development and circular economy.