IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v10y2026i5p2001-2008.html

Agricultural Risk and Input Cost Escalation in Oil Palm Smallholdings: Pesticide Use, Pest Resistance, and Yield Stability Under Oryctes Rhinoceros Pressure

Author

Listed:
  • Mohd Rasdi Zaini

    (Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Technology MARA (UiTM) Alor Gajah, Melaka)

  • Intan Maizura Abd Rashid

    (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Technology MARA Cawangan Melaka, 78000)

  • Fathul Nabila AK

    (Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Technology MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Selangor)

  • Khairuman M. H.

    (University Technology MARA (UiTM) Alor gajah, Melaka)

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of insecticide application on the population dynamics of Oryctes rhinoceros and its natural enemy Platymeris laevicollis in oil palm smallholder systems in Malaysia. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, comprising three treatment regimes Cypermethrin, Carbofuran, and an untreated control with four replications across twelve plots. Pest and predator populations were monitored from January to October 2017 using pheromone and sticky traps. The results reveal significant differences in pest population abundance across treatments (F(2,9) = 27.424, p 0.05), and correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between pest and predator populations. These findings suggest that insecticide application did not consistently enhance pest suppression under field conditions and may be associated with increased variability in pest population dynamics. The absence of a significant response from natural enemy populations indicates limited evidence of biological control interaction within the observed system. This study is limited to entomological observations and does not include yield or economic data; therefore, conclusions regarding economic efficiency or cost-effectiveness cannot be drawn. However, the results highlight the need for further investigation into ecological mechanisms underlying pest dynamics and support the importance of integrated pest management approaches that consider both chemical and biological factors in oil palm systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohd Rasdi Zaini & Intan Maizura Abd Rashid & Fathul Nabila AK & Khairuman M. H., 2026. "Agricultural Risk and Input Cost Escalation in Oil Palm Smallholdings: Pesticide Use, Pest Resistance, and Yield Stability Under Oryctes Rhinoceros Pressure," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 10(5), pages 2001-2008, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:10:y:2026:i:5:p:2001-2008
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss5-pg2001-2008-202605_pdf.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/view/agricultural-risk-and-input-cost-escalation-in-oil-palm-smallholdings-pesticide-use-pest-resistance-and-yield-stability-under-oryctes-rhinoceros-pressure/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Irza Hanie Abu Samah & Intan Maizura Abd Rashid & Wan Ahmad Fauzi Wan Husain & Shah lskandar & Muhammad Fazlee Sham Abdullah & Mohammad Harith Amlus, 2021. "Government Expenditure, Manufacturing Growth, C02 emission: A Causality Analysis in Malaysia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(1), pages 373-377.
    2. Irza Hanie Abu Samah & Intan Maizura Abd Rashid & Wan Ahmad Fauzi Wan Husain & Suraiya Ibrahim & Hariri Hamzah & Mohammad Harith Amlus, 2020. "The Impact of Healthcare Expenditure and Healthcare Sector Growth on CO2 Emission using Dynamic Panel Data System GMM Estimation Model during COVID 19 Crisis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 235-241.
    3. Reiter, S.L. & Steensma, H. Kevin, 2010. "Human Development and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: The Influence of FDI Policy and Corruption," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 38(12), pages 1678-1691, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Intan Maizura Abd Rashid & Mohd Rasdi Zaini & Fatin Nur Aliyah & Noorazeela Zainol Abidin & Buthiena Kharabsheh, 2026. "Redefining Financial Derivatives Education through PEDAGOGYFUSION5: Transforming Futures and Options Learning via AI Integration," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 10(5), pages 2009-2018, May.
    2. Intan Maizura Abd Rashid & Mohd Rasdi Zaini & Fatin Nur Aliyah & Irza Hanie Abu Samah & Buthiena Kharabsheh, 2026. "SULAM Fusion 5 for Islamic Finance Education: A Hybrid Service-Learning Pedagogical Model Integrating Community, Industry, Maqasid Shariah, and Digital Innovation," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 10(5), pages 794-803, May.
    3. Quinonez, Pablo & Saenz, Joselin & Solórzano, Jessica, 2018. "Does foreign direct investment reduce poverty? The case of Latin America in the twenty-first century," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center (PRADEC), vol. 14(3), May.
    4. Chris Tofallis, 2013. "An automatic-democratic approach to weight setting for the new human development index," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 26(4), pages 1325-1345, October.
    5. John Anyanwu, 2011. "Working Paper 136 - Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Africa, 1980-2007," Working Paper Series 327, African Development Bank.
    6. Sodiq Arogundade & Mduduzi Biyase & Hinaunye Eita, 2021. "Foreign Direct Investment and poverty in Sub-Saharan African countries: the role of host absorptive capacity," Economic Development and Well-being Research Group Working Paper Series edwrg-04-2021, University of Johannesburg, College of Business and Economics, revised 2021.
    7. Saidi, Samir & Mani, Venkatesh & Mefteh, Haifa & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Akhtar, Pervaiz, 2020. "Dynamic linkages between transport, logistics, foreign direct Investment, and economic growth: Empirical evidence from developing countries," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 277-293.
    8. Salike, Nimesh, 2016. "Role of human capital on regional distribution of FDI in China: New evidences," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 66-84.
    9. De Luca, Giacomo Davide & Lin, Xi, 2024. "The role of health and health systems in promoting social capital, political participation and peace: A narrative review," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    10. Olawumi D Awolusi & Theuns G Pelser & Adedeji Saidi Adelekan, 2016. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: New Granger Causality Evidence from Asian and African Economies," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 8(1), pages 104-119.
    11. Uros Delevic, . "Employment and state incentives in transition economies: are subsidies for FDI ineffective? The case of Serbia," UNCTAD Transnational Corporations Journal, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    12. Harish, Nikki & Plouffe, Michael, 2018. "The Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries," OSF Preprints chzpq, Center for Open Science.
    13. Laura Diaconu (Maxim), 2016. "Is Human Capital A Major Determinant Of The Fdi Inflows? Empirical Evidences From The Eu States," CES Working Papers, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 8(2), pages 238-250, August.
    14. Rene Cabral Torres, 2012. "Capital and Labor Mobility and the Size of Sub-national Governments: Evidence from a Panel of Mexican States," CID Working Papers 231, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    15. Joshua Yindenaba Abor & Richard Adjei Dwumfour & Elikplimi Komla Agbloyor & Lei Pan, 2024. "Foreign direct investment and inclusive finance: do financial markets and quality of institutions matter?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 67(2), pages 773-815, August.
    16. Zeravan Abdulmuhsen Asaad & Bayar MohamedRasheed Marane, 2020. "The Influence of Human Development, Institutional Quality and ISIS Emergence on Foreign Direct Investment in Iraq," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 10(1), pages 318-332, August.
    17. Hummera Saleem & Malik Shahzad Shabbir & Syed Ali Raza Shah & Jalal Shah, 2021. "Nexus between Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty Reduction: A case of Pakistans," iRASD Journal of Economics, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 3(3), pages 272-280, December.
    18. Stéphane Mbiankeu Nguea, 2023. "Improving human development through urbanization, demographic dividend and biomass energy consumption," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(4), pages 2517-2535, August.
    19. Taiwo Akinlo & James Temitope Dada, 2021. "The moderating effect of foreign direct investment on environmental degradation-poverty reduction nexus: evidence from sub-Saharan African countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 15764-15784, November.
    20. Kimiagari, Salman & Mahbobi, Mohammad & Toolsee, Tushika, 2023. "Attracting and retaining FDI: Africa gas and oil sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:10:y:2026:i:5:p:2001-2008. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.