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The utilization of testing and counseling for HIV: A review of the social and behavioral evidence

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  • Obermeyer, C.M.
  • Osborn, M.

Abstract

Against the background of debates about expanding HIV testing and counseling, we summarize the evidence on the social and behavioral dimension of testing and its implications for programs. The discrepancy between acceptance of testing and returning for results and the difficulties of disclosure are examined in light of research on risk perceptions and the influence of gender and stigma. We also summarize the evidence on the provision of testing and counseling, the implementation of practices regarding confidentiality and consent, and the results of interventions. We demonstrate that social factors have a considerable impact on testing, show that the services linked to testing are key determinants of utilization, and consider the implications of these findings for HIV testing programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Obermeyer, C.M. & Osborn, M., 2007. "The utilization of testing and counseling for HIV: A review of the social and behavioral evidence," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(10), pages 1762-1774.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2006.096263_7
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.096263
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    Cited by:

    1. Angotti, Nicole & Bula, Agatha & Gaydosh, Lauren & Kimchi, Eitan Zeev & Thornton, Rebecca L. & Yeatman, Sara E., 2009. "Increasing the acceptability of HIV counseling and testing with three C's: Convenience, confidentiality and credibility," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2263-2270, June.
    2. Inghels, Maxime & Kim, Hae-Young & Mathenjwa, Thulile & Shahmanesh, Maryam & Seeley, Janet & Wyke, Sally & McGrath, Nuala & Sartorius, Benn & Yapa, H. Manisha & Dobra, Adrian & Bärnighausen, Till & Ta, 2022. "Can a conditional financial incentive (CFI) reduce socio-demographic inequalities in home-based HIV testing uptake? A secondary analysis of the HITS clinical trial intervention in rural South Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    3. Kévin Jean & Xavier Anglaret & Raoul Moh & France Lert & Rosemary Dray-Spira, 2012. "Barriers to HIV Testing in Côte d'Ivoire: The Role of Individual Characteristics and Testing Modalities," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(7), pages 1-9, July.
    4. Angotti, Nicole, 2010. "Working outside of the box: How HIV counselors in Sub-Saharan Africa adapt Western HIV testing norms," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(5), pages 986-993, September.
    5. Boyd, Donte & Lea, Charles H. & Gilbert, Keon L. & Butler-Barnes, Sheretta T., 2018. "Sexual health conversations: Predicting the odds of HIV testing among black youth and young adults," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 134-140.
    6. Maman, Suzanne & Abler, Laurie & Parker, Lisa & Lane, Tim & Chirowodza, Admire & Ntogwisangu, Jacob & Srirak, Namtip & Modiba, Precious & Murima, Oliver & Fritz, Katherine, 2009. "A comparison of HIV stigma and discrimination in five international sites: The influence of care and treatment resources in high prevalence settings," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2271-2278, June.
    7. Hani Serag & Isabel Clark & Cherith Naig & David Lakey & Yordanos M. Tiruneh, 2022. "Financing Benefits and Barriers to Routine HIV Screening in Clinical Settings in the United States: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, December.
    8. Deblonde, Jessika & Meulemans, Herman & Callens, Steven & Luchters, Stanley & Temmerman, Marleen & Hamers, Françoise F., 2011. "HIV testing in Europe: Mapping policies," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 101-110.
    9. Steward, Wayne T. & Herek, Gregory M. & Ramakrishna, Jayashree & Bharat, Shalini & Chandy, Sara & Wrubel, Judith & Ekstrand, Maria L., 2008. "HIV-related stigma: Adapting a theoretical framework for use in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(8), pages 1225-1235, October.
    10. Genberg, Becky L. & Hlavka, Zdenek & Konda, Kelika A. & Maman, Suzanne & Chariyalertsak, Suwat & Chingono, Alfred & Mbwambo, Jessie & Modiba, Precious & Van Rooyen, Heidi & Celentano, David D., 2009. "A comparison of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in four countries: Negative attitudes and perceived acts of discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2279-2287, June.
    11. Olivier STERCK, 2011. "Why only one individual tests for HIV/AIDS among Sub-Saharan African Couples?," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2011024, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    12. Black, Samantha & Wallace, Melissa & Middelkoop, Keren & Robbertze, Dante & Bennie, Thola & Wood, Robin & Bekker, Linda-Gail, 2014. "Improving HIV testing amongst adolescents through an integrated Youth Centre rewards program: Insights from South Africa," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 98-105.
    13. Phyllis Dako-Gyeke & Esther Boatemaa Agyapong, 2014. "Utilization of HIV Counselling and Testing Services in Urban and Rural Communities in Eastern Region of Ghana: Implications for Achieving Universal HCT Coverage," Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Richtmann Publishing Ltd, vol. 3, July.
    14. Sterck Olivier, 2013. "Why are Testing Rates so Low in Sub-Saharan Africa? Misconceptions and Strategic Behaviors," Forum for Health Economics & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 16(1), pages 1-39, September.

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