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Gender Disparities in Career Advancement across the Transition to Parenthood: Evidence from the Marine Corps

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  • Olivia J. Healy
  • Jennifer A. Heissel

Abstract

We isolate the effect of childbirth on mothers' and fathers' job-relevant physical performance using data from the US Marines. We estimate event study models around the first birth. We assign "placebo births" to non-parents using LASSO-selected predictors of parenthood to estimate counterfactual trends. We find large and persistent effects of motherhood on performance. Two years postbirth, mothers' physical performance remains 0.2 standard deviations lower than non-mothers'. For fathers, the birth also initially lowers performance, but fathers are able to recover. This research demonstrates a potential mechanism behind the child penalty to mothers' earnings.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivia J. Healy & Jennifer A. Heissel, 2022. "Gender Disparities in Career Advancement across the Transition to Parenthood: Evidence from the Marine Corps," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 112, pages 561-567, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:112:y:2022:p:561-67
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20221121
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    Cited by:

    1. Healy, Olivia & Heissel, Jennifer A., 2024. "Baby Bumps in the Road: The Impact of Parenthood on Job Performance, Human Capital, and Career Advancement," IZA Discussion Papers 16743, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J45 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Public Sector Labor Markets

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