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Konsumeffekte demographischer Veränderungen - Eine Simulationsanalyse für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland

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  • Stiller, Silvia

Abstract

Einleitung: Demographische Prozesse laufen nach dem Schneeballprinzip ab. Die Historie einer Population bestimmt entscheidend ihre Zukunft. Ist ein demographischer Prozeß ins Rollen gebracht worden, dann kann er nur schwerlich gestoppt werden. Von daher sind demographische Trends für die nahe Zukunft mit sehr hoher Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit prognostizierbar. So ist vorhersagbar, daß in den kommenden Jahrzehnten im Aufbau der deutschen Bevölkerung ein demographischer Wandel vollzogen werden wird, resultierend aus einer schon seit Jahren auf einem sehr niedrigen Niveau verharrenden Fertilität einerseits und einem Anstieg der Lebenserwartung andererseits. Das Zusammenspiel von Geburtenrückgang und zunehmender Lebenserwartung wird einen deutlichen Bevölkerungsrückgang zur Folge haben, der von einer im Zeitablauf an Tempo gewinnenden Umwälzung in der Altersstruktur begleitet sein wird. Die deutsche Bevölkerung wird altern. Ohne Zuwanderung und ohne Veränderungen im Fertilitätsverhalten gäbe es im Jahr 2050 in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nur noch ca. 52 Millionen Menschen. Gleichzeitig würde der Bevölkerungsanteil der über 65jährigen mit mehr als 28 % im Jahr 2050 ca. doppelt so hoch sein wie zur Zeit. Der ?Durchschnittsdeutsche? des Jahres 1994 war ca. 39 Jahre alt. Im Jahr 2050 wird er über 48 Jahre alt sein. Die Erwerbsfähigenzahlen sinken bis zum Jahr 2030 um ca. 28 % und bis zum Jahr 2050 um mehr als 45 %. Mit diesem Rückgang geht ein starker Umbruch in der Altersstruktur der Erwerbsbevölkerung einher. Sie wird ebenfalls altern. Die durch dieses Bevölkerungs-szenario beschriebenen demographischen Tendenzen werden mit Sicherheit eintreten und die Bevölkerungsentwicklung der nächsten Jahrzehnte prägen. Das genaue Ausmaß der demographischen Veränderungen und das Tempo des Alterungsprozesses werden hingegen durch die Zuwanderung und das Fertilitätsverhalten der Zukunft bestimmt werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Stiller, Silvia, 1998. "Konsumeffekte demographischer Veränderungen - Eine Simulationsanalyse für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland," HWWA Discussion Papers 69, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWA).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:hwwadp:26143
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