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Zur Rolle der Medien in der Demokratie

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  • Thomas, Tobias

Abstract

Gerade in Demokratien spielen Medien eine wichtige Rolle. So hat die Medienberichterstattung einen nicht unerheblichen Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung und die Entscheidungen der Bürger als Konsumenten, Unternehmer oder Wähler. Wenngleich dies bereits viele vom Gefühl her bejahen würden, gibt es in den letzten Jahren immer mehr Forschungsarbeiten, die den Einfluss mit ökonometrischen Methoden untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen u.a., dass die Sorgen der Bevölkerung signifikant ansteigen, wenn zuvor intensiver zu Themen wie Einkommensungleichheit oder Migration berichtet wurde und das selbst dann, wenn die Lage faktisch unverändert geblieben ist. Allerdings wirkt die Medienberichterstattung nicht nur auf der Wahrnehmungsebene, sondern beeinflusst auch Handlungen bzw. Handlungsabsichten. So zeigen andere Untersuchungen, dass eine positivere bzw. weniger negative Berichterstattung zu einer Partei die Wahlabsichten für diese Partei steigen lässt. Der nachgewiesene Einfluss der Medienberichterstattung verdeutlicht die besondere Verantwortung von Medien in Demokratien. Dabei gibt es robuste empirische Hinweise auf Basis von Daten aus Deutschland, dass Medien ihrer Rolle als vierte Gewalt gerecht werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Parteienberichterstattung klassischer Leitmedien im Vergleich zu ihrer durchschnittlichen Positionierung kritischer zu jener Partei wird, die gerade an der Regierung beteiligt ist. Künftige Forschungen könnten zudem den Einfluss der sozialen Medien sowie weitere Länder in den Blick nehmen.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas, Tobias, 2020. "Zur Rolle der Medien in der Demokratie," Research Papers 12, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ecoarp:12
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    2. Kuchinke, Björn A. & Rösch, Jürgen, 2022. "Die Rolle des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks im Zeitalter von TikTok: Ökonomische Anmerkungen," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 167, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Demokratie; Media Bias; Medieneinfluss; Vierte Gewalt;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • L81 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce

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