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Libéralisation commerciale et politique de change : possibilités et contraintes dans une petite économie ouverte – le cas de la Hongrie

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  • Pal Kolozsi

    (Sciences Po)

Abstract

La thèse s'articule autour de deux idées maitresses : les institutions sont des facteurs fondamentaux conditionnant le succès de la politique économique pendant toutes les phases de la libéralisation commerciale ; la politique monétaire peut être considérée comme un des facteurs-clés de ce point de vue. Il est possible de déterminer une politique monétaire optimale pour atteindre la libéralisation commerciale. Mais comme la politique monétaire doit prendre en considération d'autres objectifs, considérés en général comme plus importants, la politique monétaire est rarement optimale du point de vue du commerce. En même temps la politique monétaire ne prenant pas du tout en considérations les conséquences commerciales – donc par exemple une politique monétaire ne se focalisant que sur le niveau général des prix –n'est pas soutenable, soit à cause des conséquences macroéconomiques, soit à cause de déséquilibres politiques. Le chapitre 1 décrit le développement de l'institutionnalisme qui met au centre de l'analyse économique le rôle des institutions et des organisations. Il présente l'économie institutionnelle comme une nouvelle approche des sciences économiques, complétant la théorie néoclassique. Le chapitre 2 esquisse l'importance de la politique monétaire en tant qu'institution du point de vue de la libéralisation commerciale, démontre les caractéristiques de la politique monétaire optimale et explique pourquoi une telle politique est difficilement à mener. Le chapitre 3 présente la relation entre politique de change et commerce, les contraintes provenant des relations commerciales en mettant l'accent sur les risques de la politique de surévaluation. Le chapitre 4 esquisse le fonctionnement des politiques de manipulation du taux de change. Le chapitre 5 présente le modèle de déficit-inflation. Enfin, le chapitre 6 présente les expériences de la Hongrie soulignant que la politique monétaire ne s'occupant que de la désinflation ne peut que faire faillite, et que la théorie de l'indépendance de la banque centrale présente des risques pour les pays en transition.

Suggested Citation

  • Pal Kolozsi, 2011. "Libéralisation commerciale et politique de change : possibilités et contraintes dans une petite économie ouverte – le cas de la Hongrie," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/53r60a8s3ku, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9je5hhe4q4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    Commerce; taux de change; politique économique; politique commerciale; politique de change; Institutions;
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