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Charging strategies for economic operations of electric vehicles in commercial applications

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  • Schücking, Maximilian
  • Jochem, Patrick
  • Fichtner, Wolf
  • Wollersheim, Olaf
  • Stella, Kevin

Abstract

When substituting conventional with electric vehicles (EV) a high annual mileage is desirable from an environmental as well as an economic perspective. However, there are still significant technological limitations that need to be taken into consideration. This study presents and discusses five different charging strategies for two mobility applications executed during an early stage long-term field test from 2013 to 2015 in Germany, which main objective was to increase the utilization within the existing technological restrictions. During the field test seven EV drove more than 450,000 km. For four out of five presented charging strategies the inclusion of DC fast charging is indispensable. Based on the empirical evidence five key performance indicators (KPI) are developed. These indicators give recommendations to economically deploy EV in commercial fleets. The results demonstrate that the more predictable the underlying mobility demand and the more technical information is available the better the charging strategies can be defined. Furthermore, the results indicate that a prudent mix of conventional and DC fast charging allows a high annual mileage while at the same time limiting avoidable harmful effects on the battery.

Suggested Citation

  • Schücking, Maximilian & Jochem, Patrick & Fichtner, Wolf & Wollersheim, Olaf & Stella, Kevin, 2017. "Charging strategies for economic operations of electric vehicles in commercial applications," MPRA Paper 91599, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:91599
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    2. Jiahang He & Toshiyuki Yamamoto, 2020. "Characterization of Daily Travel Distance of a University Car Fleet for the Purpose of Replacing Conventional Vehicles with Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-12, January.
    3. Muessel, Jarusch & Ruhnau, Oliver & Madlener, Reinhard, 2022. "Modeling Volatility and Flexibility of Electric Vehicles’ Energy Consumption," FCN Working Papers 17/2022, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN), revised 01 May 2023.
    4. Jiang, Li & Li, Yong & Ma, Jianmin & Cao, Yijia & Huang, Chun & Xu, Yong & Chen, Hong & Huang, Yuduo, 2020. "Hybrid charging strategy with adaptive current control of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1385-1395.
    5. Schücking, Maximilian & Jochem, Patrick, 2021. "Two-stage stochastic program optimizing the cost of electric vehicles in commercial fleets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    6. Bram Kin & Meike Hopman & Hans Quak, 2021. "Different Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicle Fleets in Urban Freight Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-18, November.
    7. Erfan Ghorbani & Mahdi Alinaghian & Gevork. B. Gharehpetian & Sajad Mohammadi & Guido Perboli, 2020. "A Survey on Environmentally Friendly Vehicle Routing Problem and a Proposal of Its Classification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-71, October.
    8. Ensslen, Axel & Gnann, Till & Jochem, Patrick & Plötz, Patrick & Dütschke, Elisabeth & Fichtner, Wolf, 2020. "Can product service systems support electric vehicle adoption?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 343-359.
    9. Will, Christian & Lehmann, Nico & Baumgartner, Nora & Feurer, Sven & Jochem, Patrick & Fichtner, Wolf, 2022. "Consumer understanding and evaluation of carbon-neutral electric vehicle charging services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    10. Al Wahedi, Abdulla & Bicer, Yusuf, 2022. "Techno-economic optimization of novel stand-alone renewables-based electric vehicle charging stations in Qatar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    11. Tang, Yanyan & Zhang, Qi & Wen, Zongguo & Bunn, Derek & Martin, Jesus Nieto, 2022. "Optimal analysis for facility configuration and energy management on electric light commercial vehicle charging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Battery electric vehicles Charging strategies DC fast charging Key performance indicators;

    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • R42 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning

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