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Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from "Weakest Link"

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Steven D. Levitt

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Abstract

In most settings, it is difficult to measure discrimination, and even more challenging to distinguish between competing theories of discrimination (taste-based versus information-based). Using contestant voting behavior on the television game show Weakest Link, one can in principle empirically address both of these questions. On the show, contestants answer questions and vote off other players, competing for a winner-take-all prize. In early rounds, strategic incentives encourage voting for the weakest competitors. In later rounds, the incentives reverse, and the strongest competitors become the logical target. Controlling for other observable characteristics including the number of correct answers thus far, both theories of discrimination predict that in early rounds, excess votes will be made against groups targeted for discrimination. In later rounds, however, taste-based models predict continued excess votes, whereas statistical discrimination predicts fewer votes against the target group. Empirically, I find some evidence of information-based discrimination towards Hispanics (i.e., other players perceive them as having low ability) and taste-based discrimination against older players (i.e., other players treat them with animus). There is little in the data to suggest discrimination against women and Blacks.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 9449.

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Date of creation: Jan 2003
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:9449

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J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Jullien, Bruno & Salanié, Bernard, 2005. "Empirical Evidence on the Preferences of Racetrack Bettors," IDEI Working Papers 178, Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse. [Downloadable!]
  2. Egil Matsen & Bjarne Strøm, 2006. "Joker: Choice in a simple game with large stakes," Working Paper Series 8307, Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Belot, Michèle & Bhaskar, Venkataraman & Van de Ven, Jeroen, 2007. "Insidious Discrimination? Disentangling the Beauty Premium on a Game Show," CEPR Discussion Papers 6276, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Jungmin Lee, 2006. "American Idol: Evidence of Same-Race Preferences?," IZA Discussion Papers 1974, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  5. Pavlo Blavatskyy & Ganna Pogrebna, 2008. "Risk Aversion when Gains are Likely and Unlikely: Evidence from a Natural Experiment with Large Stakes," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 64(2), pages 395-420, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Daniel M. Hungerman, 2007. "Race and Charitable Church Activity," NBER Working Papers 13323, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Kate Antonovics & Peter Arcidiacono & Randall Walsh, 2003. "Games and Discrimination: Lessons From the Weakest Link," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2003-03, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
  8. Manuel F. Bagues & Maria Jose Perez Villadoniga, 2008. "Why do I like people like me?," Business Economics Working Papers wb080601, Universidad Carlos III, Departamento de Economía de la Empresa. [Downloadable!]
  9. Ganna Pogrebna & Pavlo Blavatskyy, 2009. "Coordination, focal points and voting in strategic situations: a natural experiment," IEW - Working Papers iewwp403, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - IEW. [Downloadable!]
  10. Michele Belot, & V. Bhaskar & Jeroen van de Ven, 2007. "Is Beauty only Skin-deep? Disentangling the Beauty Premium on a Game Show," Economics Discussion Papers 624, University of Essex, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  11. John A. List, 2006. "Friend or Foe? A Natural Experiment of the Prisoner's Dilemma," NBER Working Papers 12097, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Pavlo Blavatskyy & Ganna Pogrebna, 2006. "Loss Aversion? Not with Half-a-Million on the Table!," IEW - Working Papers iewwp274, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - IEW. [Downloadable!]
  13. Ganna Pogrebna & Pavlo Blavatskyy, 2009. "Coordination, focal points and voting in strategic situations: a natural experiment," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 140(1), pages 125-143, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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