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Wall Street's First Corporate Governance Crisis: The Panic of 1826

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Author Info
Eric Hilt

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Abstract

In July of 1826, several prominent Wall Street firms abruptly went bankrupt, amid scandalous revelations of fraudulent financial practices by their management. Although mostly forgotten today, these events represented a watershed in the early development of the corporation laws and investor protections governing Wall Street: in the aftermath of the scandals, New York State enacted an extensive package of legislation designed to protect the interests of investors. These statutes were some of the the very first of their kind, and had a lasting influence. This paper analyzes the causes of the failures, and the evolution of the law in response. The analysis highlights the critical role played by scandal-driven legislation in the evolution of investor protections and financial regulations.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 14892.

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Date of creation: Apr 2009
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14892

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance
K22 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Corporation and Securities Law
N21 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N81 - Economic History - - Micro-Business History - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

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    Other versions:
  2. Rousseau, Peter L. & Sylla, Richard, 2005. "Emerging financial markets and early US growth," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 1-26, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto & Patricio A. Fernandez, 2008. "Case Law versus Statute Law: An Evolutionary Comparison," Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 37(2), pages 379-430, 06. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Hilt, Eric, 2008. "When did Ownership Separate from Control? Corporate Governance in the Early Nineteenth Century," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 68(03), pages 645-685, September. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Gary B. Gorton, 2008. "The Panic of 2007," NBER Working Papers 14358, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Knodell, Jane, 2006. "Rethinking the Jacksonian Economy: The Impact of the 1832 Bank Veto on Commercial Banking," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 66(03), pages 541-574, September. [Downloadable!]
  7. Musacchio, Aldo, 2008. "Can Civil Law Countries Get Good Institutions? Lessons from the History of Creditor Rights and Bond Markets in Brazil," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 68(01), pages 80-108, March. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Takeo Hoshi & Anil K. Kashyap, 2004. "Japan's Financial Crisis and Economic Stagnation," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 18(1), pages 3-26, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Moen, Jon & Tallman, Ellis W., 1992. "The Bank Panic of 1907: The Role of Trust Companies," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(03), pages 611-630, September. [Downloadable!]
  14. Ellis W. Tallman & Jon R. Moen, 1990. "Lessons from the panic of 1907," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, issue May, pages 2-13. [Downloadable!]
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