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Pension Plan Integration as Insurance Against Social Security Risk

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Author Info
Robert C. Merton
Zvi Bodie
Alan J. Marcus

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Abstract

The manifest purposes of integrating an employer-provided pension plan with social security are:(1) to ensure retirement income adequacy for all covered employees; and (2) to ensure retirement income equity, defined as equal total replacement rates for all employees regardless of salary level. The focus of this paper, however, is on an equally important (and perhaps latent) consequence of integration: the alteration of the risk-bearing relationships between employees, employers and the government vis-a-vis social security benefits. The main alteration is that the employer in effect insures his covered employees against adverse changes in their social security retirement benefit. Using the option-pricing methodology of modern contingent claims analysis,we develop a formal model to explore the quantitative aspects of this change.While the focus of the analysis is on full integration, we do explicitly deal with various degrees of partial integration as is currently practiced. We also analyze the effects of a switch from a non-integrated to an equivalent-cost integrated plan when private benefits are fixed in nominal terms and when they are indexed. In this connection we examine how integrated plans are affected when the sponsor makes ad hoc post-retirement benefit increases. We also consider the incentive effects on worker mobility of the adoption of integrated plans. The analysis is also used to highlight what we believe to be important unintended consequences of integrating pension plans with social security.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 1370.

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Date of creation: Jun 1984
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:1370

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Fischer, Stanley, 1978. "Call Option Pricing when the Exercise Price Is Uncertain, and the Valuation of Index Bonds," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 33(1), pages 169-76, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Merton, Robert C & Scholes, Myron S & Gladstein, Mathew L, 1982. "The Returns and Risks of Alternative Put-Option Portfolio Investment Strategies," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 55(1), pages 1-55, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Jeremy I. Bulow, 1982. "The Effect of Inflation on the Private Pension System," NBER Chapters, in: Inflation: Causes and Effects, pages 123-138 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
  4. Modigliani, Franco. & Cohn, Richard A., 1984. "Inflation and corporate financial management," Working papers 1572-84., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management. [Downloadable!]
  5. Zvi Bodie & James E. Pesando, 1986. "Retirement Annuity Design in an Inflationary Climate," NBER Working Papers 0896, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-54, May-June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Lawrence H. Summers, 1984. "Observations on the Indexation of Old Age Pensions," NBER Working Papers 1023, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Constantinides, George M, 1978. "Market Risk Adjustment in Project Valuation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 33(2), pages 603-16, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. R. Glenn Hubbard, 1984. "'Precautionary' Saving Revisited: Social Security, Individual Welfare, and the Capital Stock," NBER Working Papers 1430, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Marie-Eve Lachance & Olivia S. Mitchell, 2003. "Understanding Individual Account Guarantees," Working Papers wp035, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Olivia S. Mitchell, . "Developments in Pensions," Pension Research Council Working Papers 98-4, Wharton School Pension Research Council, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
  4. Zvi Bodie & Alan J. Marcus & Robert C. Merton, 1985. "Defined Benefit versus Defined Contribution Pension Plans: What are theReal Tradeoffs?," NBER Working Papers 1719, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  5. Alan L. Gustman & Olivia S. Mitchell & Thomas L. Steinmeier, 1993. "The Role of Pensions in the Labor Market," NBER Working Papers 4295, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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