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Wages, Relative Prices, and the Choice between Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates

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Author Info
Richard C. Marston
Abstract

This paper reexamines the choice between fixed and flexible rates to take into account wage indexation and flexible prices. The model employed is of a small open economy faced by monetary and aggregate demand disturbances originating at ham and abroad. Aggregate supply behavior in this &el varies depending upon whether wages are set in one-period labor contracts or are indexed to current changes in the general price level, Two central conclusions emerge from the analysis. First, for all disturbances the difference in output variation between fixed and flexible rates is dependent upon the degree of wage indexation, being proportional to one minus the degree of wage indexation in the domestic economy. Thus the more highly indexed the economy, the less difference the choice of exchange rate regime makes to output variation, Secondly, the effect of foreign disturbances on the domestic economy depends as much on foreign wage and price behavior as domestic. If the rest of the world is fully indexed, flexible rates insulate the domestic country completely from foreign monetary disturbances, If the rest of the world is more highly indexed than the domestic country, then for high price elasticities at least, a flexible rate dampens the output variation associated with foreign demand disturbances.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 0793.

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Date of creation: Jun 1982
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:0793

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Eaton, Jonathan & Turnovsky, Stephen J., 1982. "Effects of monetary disturbances on exchange rates with risk averse speculation," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 21-37, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Sachs, Jeffrey, 1980. "Wages, Flexible Exchange Rates, and Macroeconomic Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 94(4), pages 731-47, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Flood, Robert P & Marion, Nancy Peregrim, 1982. "The Transmission of Disturbances under Alternative Exchange-Rate Regimes with Optimal Indexing," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 97(1), pages 43-66, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Gray, Jo Anna, 1976. "Wage indexation: A macroeconomic approach," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 221-235, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Iltae Son, 1987. "The Choice Of An Optimal Exchange Rate System For A Small Country Under The Three Good And Three Country Model," International Economic Journal, Korean International Economic Association, vol. 1(2), pages 25-45, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Rudiger Dornbusch, 1983. "Flexible Exchange Rates and Interdependence," NBER Working Papers 1035, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Robert P. Flood & Robert J. Hodrick, 1986. "Money and the Open Economy Business Cycle: A Flexible Price Model," NBER Working Papers 1967, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Joshua Aizenman, 1984. "Optimal Wage Re-Negotiation," NBER Working Papers 1279, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Stephen J. Turnovsky, 1984. "Wage Indexation and Exchange Market Intervention in a Small Open Economy," NBER Working Papers 1170, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Joshua Aizenman, 1986. "Wage Flexibility and Openness," NBER Working Papers 1108, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Jürgen Hagen & Manfred Neumann, 1990. "Relative price risk in an open economy with fixed and flexible exchange rates," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 1(3), pages 269-289, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Joshua Aizenman, 1984. "Modeling Deviations from Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)," NBER Working Papers 1066, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Richard C. Marston, 1984. "Real Wages and the Terms of Trade: Alternative Indexation Rules for an Open Economy," NBER Working Papers 1046, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Joshua Aizenman & Jacob A. Frenkel, 1985. "Optimal Wage Indexation, Foreign-Exchange Intervention and Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 1329, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  11. Ernst Fehr & Franz Hof, 1994. "Wage bargaining and shock sensitivity of a small open economy," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 259-286, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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