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Gender Differences in Business Performance: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey

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Author Info
Fairlie, Robert W. () (University of California, Santa Cruz)
Robb, Alicia M. () (University of California, Santa Cruz)
Abstract

Using confidential microdata from the U.S. Census Bureau, we investigate the performance of female-owned businesses making comparisons to male-owned businesses. Using regression estimates and a decomposition technique, we explore the role that human capital, especially through prior work experience, and financial capital play in contributing to why female-owned businesses have lower survival rates, profits, employment and sales. We find that female-owned businesses are less successful than male-owned businesses because they have less startup capital, and business human capital acquired through prior work experience in a similar business and prior work experience in family business. We also find some evidence that female-owned businesses work fewer hours and may have different preferences for the goals of their business.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 3718.

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Length: 52 pages
Date of creation: Sep 2008
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp3718

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Related research
Keywords: female entrepreneurship; business outcomes;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Brian Headd, 1999. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database, 1992," Working Papers 99-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau. [Downloadable!]
  2. Greg Hundley, 2001. "Why Women Earn Less Than Men in Self-Employment," Journal of Labor Research, Transaction Publishers, vol. 22(4), pages 817-829, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Boden, Richard Jr., 1996. "Gender and self-employment selection: An empirical assessment," The Journal of Socio-Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(6), pages 671-682. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Bernard F. Lentz & David N. Laband, 1990. "Entrepreneurial Success and Occupational Inheritance among Proprietors," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 23(3), pages 563-79, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Blanchflower, David G. & Oswald, Andrew & Stutzer, Alois, 2001. "Latent entrepreneurship across nations," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(4-6), pages 680-691, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Bruce, Donald, 1999. " Do Husbands Matter? Married Women Entering Self-Employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 317-29, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Michael Hout & Harvey S. Rosen, 1999. "Self-Employment, Family Background, and Race," NBER Working Papers 7344, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Astebro, Thomas & Bernhardt, Irwin, 2003. "Start-up financing, owner characteristics, and survival," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 303-319. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Headd, Brian, 2003. " Redefining Business Success: Distinguishing between Closure and Failure," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 51-61, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. BodenJR., Richard J. & Nucci, Alfred R., 2000. "On the survival prospects of men's and women's new business ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 347-362, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Greg Hundley, 2000. "Male/female earnings differences in self-employment: The effects of marriage, children, and the household division of labor," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 54(1), pages 95-114, October.
  12. Oaxaca, Ronald L. & Ransom, Michael R., 1994. "On discrimination and the decomposition of wage differentials," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 5-21, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Rosa, Peter & Carter, Sara & Hamilton, Daphne, 1996. " Gender as a Determinant of Small Business Performance: Insights from a British Study," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 8(6), pages 463-78, December.
  14. Cliff, Jennifer E., 1998. "Does one size fit all? exploring the relationship between attitudes towards growth, gender, and business size," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 523-542, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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