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El envejecimiento y las oportunidades económicas: las principales regiones del mundo al final del siglo

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Author Info
Jere R. Behrman
Suzanne Duryea
Miguel Székely

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Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) En este trabajo se presentan nuevos elementos de juicio sobre las principales regiones del mundo y los países más poblados de cada región, y las relaciones entre las edades promedio de esas poblaciones y tres grupos de resultados económicos: 1) agregados macroeconómicos (ahorro doméstico como proporción del PIB, PIB per cápita, capital por trabajador e ingresos tributarios como porcentaje del PIB); 2) gasto gubernamental en educación y salud, y 3) indicadores sociales (desigualdad, desempleo, índice de homicidios y niveles de avance en la enseñanza). Los resultados sugieren que las variables que se han tomado en cuenta siguen patrones claros relacionados con la edad, que esos patrones difieren de una región a otra y que difieren según regímenes distintos de políticas relacionadas con la apertura del comercio, la profundización de los mercados financieros nacionales y la inestabilidad macroeconómica. Los elementos de juicio se corresponden con la posibilidad de que algunos cambios de la estructura etaria puedan promover condiciones favorables para el desarrollo. Regiones tales como el Este de Asia aparentemente han conseguido aprovechar esta oportunidad demográfica en las últimas décadas. No obstante, en otras regiones, tales como América Latina y el Caribe, que está a punto de experimentar los mayores cambios de la estructura etaria en las próximas décadas, la creación de un entorno económico adecuado para traducir la oportunidad en mejores niveles de vida para su población ha constituido un reto formidable.

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Paper provided by Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department in its series RES Working Papers with number 4181.

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Date of creation: Sep 1999
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Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4181

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  3. Lam, David, 1993. "Demographic variables and income inequality," Handbook of Population and Family Economics, in: M. R. Rosenzweig & Stark, O. (ed.), Handbook of Population and Family Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 18, pages 1015-1059 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Deaton, Angus & Paxson, Christina, 1994. "Intertemporal Choice and Inequality," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 102(3), pages 437-67, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Tullio Jappelli & Franco Modigliani, 1998. "The Age-Saving Profile and the Life-Cycle Hypothesis," CSEF Working Papers 09, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. [Downloadable!]
  8. Hanushek, Eric A, 1995. "Interpreting Recent Research on Schooling in Developing Countries," World Bank Research Observer, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(2), pages 227-46, August.
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  9. Behrman, Jere R. & Rosenzweig, Mark R., 1994. "Caveat emptor: Cross-country data on education and the labor force," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 147-171, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Edmund S. Phelps, 1968. "Population Increase," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 1(3), pages 497-518, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Kremer, Michael R, 1995. "Research on Schooling: What We Know and What We Don't: A Comment," World Bank Research Observer, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(2), pages 247-54, August.
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