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La restructuration de la géographie de l’industrie automobile en Europe durant les années 2000

Author

Listed:
  • Vincent FRIGANT
  • Stéphane MIOLLAN

Abstract

Cet article mesure d’un point de vue quantitatif et macroéconomique l’ampleur de la relocalisation de l’industrie automobile en Europe durant la décennie 2000. A l’aide de données sur la production, l’emploi, le commerce international et la présence d’entreprises étrangères dans l’économie nationale, nous montrons que l’industrie automobile se déplace vers l’est de l’Europe : vers les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale mais aussi vers l’Allemagne. La première section est consacrée à la construction automobile proprement dite. La croissance des pays de l’Est est singulièrement visible ainsi que la consolidation allemande. Toutefois, le poids des grands pays traditionnels de l’Ouest demeure important et cette activité reste une activité clé de leur économie nationale. La deuxième section étudie le secteur de la fabrication d’équipements pour automobile. Le basculement vers l’Europe de l’Est apparaît plus important en emploi et principalement guidé par des firmes étrangères. Il est également sélectif dans le sens où ce sont les activités les plus intensives en travail qui y sont prioritairement implantées avec comme double objectif d’alimenter les nouvelles usines des constructeurs locaux mais aussi d’exporter vers l’Ouest. Au total, nous soulignions l’enchevêtrement des réseaux productifs entre l’Est et l’Ouest et appelons à des recherches d’ordre microéconomique pour approfondir ce travail.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent FRIGANT & Stéphane MIOLLAN, 2014. "La restructuration de la géographie de l’industrie automobile en Europe durant les années 2000," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2014-02, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
  • Handle: RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2014-02
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Europe; Automobile; géographie industrielle; délocalisations; désindustrialisation; Intégration européenne.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • F62 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Macroeconomic Impacts
    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • L62 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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