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Maize in Eastern and Southern Africa: 'seeds' of success in retrospect

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Smale, Melinda
Jayne, T.S.

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Abstract

This synthesis revisits the “maize success story” in Sub-Saharan Africa, drawing selectively from an extensive published literature about maize seed technical change and related policies. The review focuses on the countries of Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi, where maize is most important in the food economy, and refers to the period when maize became a dominant food crop through the 1990s. The term “success” is equivocal in this case, both because of the difficult of establishing the appropriate counterfactual and because some of the policies that contributed to success in one period later led to decline. While the “seeds” themselves were the result of innovative, successful maize breeding, boom periods in maize production were episodic and the public investments in the controlled markets that bolstered them were not fiscally sustainable. Since maize will remain a crucial part of the food security equation even while the agricultural economies of the region diversify, continued investments in both maize research and market institutions, some of which must be public, are essential. The most vital question, however, is where the domestic political pressure to support these investments will originate an issue related to governance.

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Paper provided by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in its series EPTD discussion papers with number 97.

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Date of creation: 2003
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Handle: RePEc:fpr:eptddp:97

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Keywords: Maize Africa; Southern.; Seeds Technological innovations Africa.; Food crops Africa; Eastern Marketing.; Markets Prices.; Food security Africa.; Plant breeding Research.; Investment of public funds.;

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Maredia, Mywish & Howard, Julie & Boughton, Duncan & Naseem, Anwar & Wanzala, Mariah & Kajisa, Kei, 1999. "Increasing Seed System Efficiency In Africa: Concepts, Strategies And Issues," Food Security III Papers 11407, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  2. Kherallah, Mylène & Delgado, Christopher L. & Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z. & Minot, Nicholas & Johnson, Michael, 2002. "Reforming agricultural markets in Africa," Food policy statements 38, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
  3. Jayne, T. S. & Yamano, Takashi & Weber, Michael T. & Tschirley, David & Benfica, Rui & Chapoto, Antony & Zulu, Ballard, 2003. "Smallholder income and land distribution in Africa: implications for poverty reduction strategies," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 253-275, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Jayne, T. S. & Argwings-Kodhek, Gem, 1997. "Consumer response to maize market liberalization in urban Kenya," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 447-458, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Eicher, Carl K., 1995. "Zimbabwe's maize-based Green Revolution: Preconditions for replication," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 805-818, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Jayne, T.S. & Yamano, Takashi & Weber, Michael & Tschirley, David & Benfica, Rui & Neven, David & Chapoto, Anthony & Zulu, Ballard, 2001. "Smallholder Income And Land Distribution In Africa: Implications For Poverty Reduction Strategies," Food Security III Papers 11350, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics. [Downloadable!]
  7. Heisey, Paul W. & Mwangi, Wilfred, 1996. "Fertilizer Use and Maize Production in Sub-Saharan Africa," Economics Working Papers 7688, CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. [Downloadable!]
  8. Kydd, Jonathan & Christiansen, Robert, 1982. "Structural change in Malawi since independence: Consequences of a development strategy based on large-scale agriculture," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 355-375, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Minot, Nicholas & Kherallah, Mylène & Berry, Philippe, 2000. "Fertilizer market reform and the determinants of fertilizer use in Benin and Malawi," MTID discussion papers 40, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
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  10. J.J. Shawa & H. Haantuba & A. Belemu & E. Ngulube & A.K. Banda & J. Govereh & T.S. Jayne & J.J. Nijhoff & B. Zulu, 2002. "Developments in Fertilizer Marketing in Zambia: Commercial Trading, Government Programs, and the Smallholder Farmer," International Development Collaborative Working Papers ZM-FSRP-WP-04, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. [Downloadable!]
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  11. T. S. Jayne & L. Rubey & D. Tschirley & M. Mukumbu & M. Chisvo & A. Santos & M. Weber & P. Diskin, 1995. "Effects of Market Reform on Access to Food by Low-Income Households: Evidence from Four Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa," International Development Papers 19, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. [Downloadable!]
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  12. Jayne, T.S. & Rubey, L. & Tschirley, D. & Mukumbu, M. & Chisvo, M. & Santos, A. & Weber, M. & Diskin, P., 1995. "Effects Of Market Reform On Access To Food By Low-Income Households: Evidence From Four Countries In Eastern And Southern Africa," Food Security III Papers 11437, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics. [Downloadable!]
  13. Jayne, T. S. & Govereh, J. & Mwanaumo, A. & Nyoro, J. K. & Chapoto, A., 2002. "False Promise or False Premise? The Experience of Food and Input Market Reform in Eastern and Southern Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(11), pages 1967-1985, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Howard, Julie A. & Mungoma, Catherine, 1996. "Zambia'S Stop-And-Go Revolution: The Impact Of Policies And Organizations On The Development And Spread Of Maize Technology," Food Security III Papers 11299, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics. [Downloadable!]
  15. Daniel David Karanja, 1996. "An Economic and Institutional Analysis of Maize Research in Kenya," International Development Working Papers 57, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. [Downloadable!]
  16. T.S. Jayne & T. Yamano & J. Nyoro & T. Awuor, 2000. "Do Farmers Really Benefit from High Food Prices? Balancing Rural Interests in Kenya's Maize Pricing and Marketing Policy," International Development Collaborative Policy Briefs KE-TEGEMEO-PB-01, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. [Downloadable!]
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  17. Smale, Melinda, 1995. ""Maize is life": Malawi's delayed Green Revolution," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 819-831, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Julie A. Howard & Catherine Mungoma, 1996. "Zambia's Stop-And-Go Revolution: The Impact of Policies and Organizations on the Development and Spread of Maize Technology," International Development Working Papers 61, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. [Downloadable!]
  19. Jayne, T. S. & Jones, Stephen, 1997. "Food marketing and pricing policy in Eastern and Southern Africa: A survey," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(9), pages 1505-1527, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. Jayne, T. S. & Rukuni, Mandivamba, 1993. "Distributional effects of maize self-sufficiency in Zimbabwe: Implications for pricing and trade policy," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 334-341, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  21. David Tschirley & T. S. Jayne & Mulinge Mukumbu & Munhamo Chisvo & Michael T. Weber & Ballard Zulu & Robert Johansson & Paula Santos & David Soroko, 1999. "Successes and Challenges of Food Market Reform: Experiences from Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe," International Development Policy Syntheses 39, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. [Downloadable!]
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