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Institutional affiliation and the role of venture capital: evidence from initial public offerings in Japan

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Author Info
Yasushi Hamao
Frank Packer
Jay Ritter

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Abstract

The presence of venture capital in the ownership structure of U.S. firms going public has been associated with both improved long-term performance and lower underpricing at the time of the IPOs. In Japan, we find the long-run performance of venture capital-backed IPOs to be no better than that of other IPOs. Many of the major venture capital firms in Japan are subsidiaries of securities firms that may face a conflict of interest when underwriting the venture capital-backed issue. When venture capital holdings are broken down by their institutional affiliation, we find that firms with venture backing from securities company subsidiaries perform significantly worse over a three-year time horizon than other IPOs. We also find that IPOs in which the lead venture capitalist is also the lead underwriter have higher initial returns than other venture capital-backed IPOs, and sell at higher P/E ratios than comparable listed stocks. These results suggest that conflicts of interest influence the pricing and long-run performance of initial public offerings in Japan.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of New York in its series Research Paper with number 9807.

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Date of creation: 1998
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fednrp:9807

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Keywords: Business enterprises - Japan Venture capital Japan

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Prowse, Stephen D., 1990. "Institutional investment patterns and corporate financial behavior in the United States and Japan," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 43-66, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Gande, Amar, et al, 1997. "Bank Underwriting of Debt Securities: Modern Evidence," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 1175-1202.
  3. Megginson, William L & Weiss, Kathleen A, 1991. " Venture Capitalist Certification in Initial Public Offerings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(3), pages 879-903, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Kang, Jun-Koo & Stulz, Rene M, 1996. "How Different Is Japanese Corporate Finance? An Investigation of the Information Content of New Security Issues," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(1), pages 109-39. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  5. Lerner, Joshua, 1994. "Venture capitalists and the decision to go public," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 293-316, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Cai, Jun & Wei, K. C. John, 1997. "The investment and operating performance of Japanese initial public offerings," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 5(4), pages 389-417, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Lerner, Josh, 1995. " Venture Capitalists and the Oversight of Private Firms," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(1), pages 301-18, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R, 1995. " The New Issues Puzzle," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(1), pages 23-51, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Randall S. Kroszner & Raghuram G. Rajan, . "Organization Structure and Credibility: Evidence from Commercial Bank Securities Activities Before the Glass-Steagall Act," CRSP working papers 325, Center for Research in Security Prices, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago.
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  10. Carter, Richard B & Manaster, Steven, 1990. " Initial Public Offerings and Underwriter Reputation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(4), pages 1045-67, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Hsuan-Chi Chen & Jay R. Ritter, 2000. "The Seven Percent Solution," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1105-1131, 06. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Ritter, Jay R, 1991. " The Long-run Performance of Initial Public Offerings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(1), pages 3-27, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Puri, Manju, 1996. "Commercial banks in investment banking Conflict of interest or certification role?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 373-401, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Jenkinson, T. J., 1990. "Initial public offerings in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 4(4), pages 428-449, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R. & Rydqvist, Kristian, 1994. "Initial public offerings: International insights," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 2(2-3), pages 165-199, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  16. Randolph P. Beatty & Jay R. Ritter, . "Investment Banking, Reputation and the Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings," Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research Working Papers 2-85, Wharton School Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research.
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  17. Paul Gompers & Josh Lerner, 1998. "Conflict of Interest in the Issuance of Public Securities: Evidence from Venture Capital," NBER Working Papers 6847, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  18. Troesken, Werner, 1997. "The," Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 13(1), pages 1-25, April.
  19. Takeo Hoshi & Anil Kashyap & David Scharfstein, 1989. "Bank monitoring and investment: evidence from the changing structure of Japanese corporate banking relations," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 86, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
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  21. Fedderke, J W, 1997. "The Source of Optimality in Action," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 21(3), pages 339-63, May.
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Bronwyn H. Hall, 2002. "The Financing of Research and Development," NBER Working Papers 8773, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Schertler, Andrea, 2002. "The Certification Role of Private Equity Investors: Evidence from Initial Public Offerings on the Nouveau Marché and the Neuer Markt," EIFC - Technology and Finance Working Papers 10, United Nations University, Institute for New Technologies. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. L. Cassia & G. Giudici & S. Paleari & R. Redondi, 2004. "IPO underpricing in Italy," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 179-194, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Thomas Hellman & Laura Lindsey & Manju Puri, 2004. "Building Relationships Early: Banks in Venture Capital," NBER Working Papers 10535, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Alan Hughes & Jaeho Lee, 2006. "What's in a name and when does it matter? The hot and cold market impacts on underpricing of certification, reputation and conflicts of interest in venture capital backed Korean IPOs," ESRC Centre for Business Research - Working Papers wp336, ESRC Centre for Business Research. [Downloadable!]
  6. Jerry Cao & Josh Lerner, 2006. "The Performance of Reverse Leveraged Buyouts," NBER Working Papers 12626, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Kenji Kutsuna & Richard L. Smith, . "Issue Cost and Method of IPO Underwriting: Japan's Change from Auction Method Pricing to Book Building," Claremont Colleges Working Papers 2000-35, Claremont Colleges. [Downloadable!]
  8. Espenlaub, S. & Goergen, M. & Khurshed, A. & Renneboog, L.D.R., 2002. "Lock-in agreements in venture capital backed UK IPOS," Discussion Paper 46, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  9. Wolfgang Bessler & Andreas Kurth, 2007. "Agency Problems and the Performance of Venture-backed IPOs in Germany: Exit Strategies, Lock-up Periods, and Bank Ownership," European Journal of Finance, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 29-63. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Alexander Ljungqvist, 1999. "IPO Underpricing, Wealth Losses and the Curious Role of Venture Capitalists in the Creation of Public Companies," OFRC Working Papers Series 1999fe04, Oxford Financial Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
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