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Bar codes lead to frequent deliveries and superstores

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Author Info
Thomas J. Holmes

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Abstract

This paper explores the consequences of new information technologies, such as bar codes and computer-tracking of inventories, for the optimal organization of retail. The first result is that there is a complementarity between the new information technology and frequent deliveries. This is consistent with the recent move in the retail sector toward higher-frequency delivery schedules. The second result is that adoption of the new technology tends to increase store size. This is consistent with recent increases in store size and the success of the superstore model of retail organization.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis in its series Staff Report with number 261.

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Date of creation: 1999
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedmsr:261

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Keywords: Technological innovations;

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This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports: References listed on IDEAS
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  1. T. N. Srinivasan, 1997. "Introduction," Economics and Politics, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 9(3), pages 205-205, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. John McMillan & Michael Rothschild & Robert Wilson, 1997. "Introduction," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 6(3), pages 425-430, 09. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. R. H. Parker, Y. Lemarchand, T. Boyns, 1997. "Introduction," Accounting, Business and Financial History, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 251-257, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Milgrom, Paul & Roberts, John, 1990. "The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Technology, Strategy, and Organization," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(3), pages 511-28, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Milgrom, Paul & Roberts, John, 1988. " Communication and Inventory as Substitutes in Organizing Production," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 90(3), pages 275-89.
  6. Kinsey, Jean & Senauer, Ben & King, Robert P. & Phumpiu, Paul F., 1996. "Changes In Retail Food Delivery: Signals For Producers, Processors And Distributors," Working Papers 14352, University of Minnesota, The Food Industry Center. [Downloadable!]
  7. Kyle Bagwell & Garey Ramey & Daniel F. Spulber, 1997. "Dynamic Retail Price and Investment Competition," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 28(2), pages 207-227, Summer. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Beck, Jonathan & Grajek, Michal & Wey, Christian, 2005. "Hypermarket Competition and the Diffusion of Retail Checkout Barcode Scanning," CEPR Discussion Papers 5386, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Taihyeong Lee & Patricia Mokhtarian, 2008. "Correlations between industrial demands (direct and total) for communications and transportation in the U.S. economy 1947–1997," Transportation, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 1-22, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. John Fernald & Shanthi Ramnath, 2004. "The acceleration in U.S. total productivity after 1995: the role of information technology," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Q I, pages 52-67. [Downloadable!]
  4. Emek Basker & Shawn Klimek & Pham Hoang Van, 2008. "Supersize It: The Growth of Retail Chains and the Rise of the "Big Box" Retail Format," Working Papers 0809, Department of Economics, University of Missouri. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Emin M. Dinlersoz, 2000. "Firm Organization and Retail Industry Dynamics," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 0005, Econometric Society. [Downloadable!]
  6. Loreto Lira & Magdalena Ugarte & Rodrigo Vergara., 2008. "Prices and Market Structure: An Empirical Analysis of the Supermarket Industry in Chile," Documentos de Trabajo 346, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.. [Downloadable!]
  7. Ronald Jarmin & Shawn Klimek & Javier Miranda, 2005. "The Role of Retail Chains: National, Regional, and Industry Results," Working Papers 05-30, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau. [Downloadable!]
  8. Thomas J. Holmes, 2008. "The Diffusion of Wal-Mart and Economies of Density," NBER Working Papers 13783, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Emek Basker & Pham Hoang Van, 2005. "Putting a Smiley Face on the Dragon: Wal-Mart as Catalyst to U.S.-China Trade," Working Papers 0506, Department of Economics, University of Missouri, revised 07 Oct 2005. [Downloadable!]
  10. Loreto Lira & Rosario Rivero & Rodrigo Vergara, 2005. "Entry and Prices: Evidence from the Chilean Supermarket Industry," Documentos de Trabajo 299, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.. [Downloadable!]
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