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Does distance matter in banking?

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Author Info
Kenneth P. Brevoort
John D. Wolken

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Abstract

Deregulation and technological change have reduced the transactions costs that led to the dominance of local financial service suppliers, leading some to question if distance still matters in banking. This debate has been particularly acute in small business banking, where transactions costs are believed to be particularly high. This paper provides a detailed review of the literature on distance in banking markets, highlighting the reasons why geographic proximity is believed to be important and examining the changes that may have affected its importance. Relying on new data from the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances, we examine how distances between small firms and their financial service suppliers changed over the 1993-2003 decade. Our analysis reveals that distances increased, though the extent varied substantially across financial services and supplier types. Generally, increases were observed in the early half of the decade, while distances declined in the following five years. There was also a trend towards less in person interaction between small firms and their suppliers of financial services. Nevertheless, most relationships remained local, with a median distance of 5 miles in 2003. The results suggest that distance, while perhaps not as tyrannical as in the past, remains an important factor in banking.

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Paper provided by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) in its series Finance and Economics Discussion Series with number 2008-34.

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Date of creation: 2008
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2008-34

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Related research
Keywords: Banks and banking ; Small business;

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  2. Chiappori, Pierre-Andre & Perez-Castrillo, David & Verdier, Thierry, 1995. "Spatial competition in the banking system: Localization, cross subsidies and the regulation of deposit rates," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 889-918, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Dean F. Amel & Martha Starr-McCluer, 2001. "Market definition in banking: recent evidence," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2001-16, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  4. Kenneth P. Brevoort & Timothy H. Hannan, 2004. "Commercial lending and distance: evidence from Community Reinvestment Act data," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2004-24, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
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  9. Kallberg, Jarl G. & Udell, Gregory F., 2003. "The value of private sector business credit information sharing: The US case," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 449-469, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Pita Barros, Pedro, 1999. "Multimarket competition in banking, with an example from the Portuguese market," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 335-352, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. Berger, Allen N & Frame, W Scott & Miller, Nathan H, 2005. "Credit Scoring and the Availability, Price, and Risk of Small Business Credit," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 37(2), pages 191-222, April.
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  16. Gregory E. Elliehausen & John D. Wolken, 1990. "Banking markets and the use of financial services by small and medium- sized businesses," Staff Studies 160, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
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  17. Traci L. Mach & John D. Wolken, 2006. "Financial services used by small businesses: evidence from the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances," Federal Reserve Bulletin, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), issue Oct, pages A167-A195. [Downloadable!]
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  20. repec:att:wimass:19199927 is not listed on IDEAS
  21. Pietro Alessandrini & Andrea F. Presbitero & Alberto Zazzaro, 2007. "Banks, distances, and financing constraints for firms," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue May, pages 205-232.
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  22. Raphael W. Bostic & Glenn B. Canner, 1998. "New information on lending to small businesses and small farms: the 1996 CRA data," Federal Reserve Bulletin, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), issue Jan, pages 1-21. [Downloadable!]
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  25. Robert M. Adams & Kenneth P. Brevoort & Elizabeth K. Kiser, 2005. "Who competes with whom? the case of depository institutions," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2005-03, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
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  27. Robert DeYoung & Dennis Glennon & Peter Nigro, 2005. "Borrower-lender distance, credit scoring, and the performance of small business loans," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue May, pages 299-309.
  28. Degryse, Hans & Laeven, Luc & Ongena, Steven, 2006. "The impact of organizational structure and lending technology on banking competition," Discussion Paper 67, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
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  29. Hans Degryse & Steven Ongena, 2005. "Distance, Lending Relationships, and Competition," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(1), pages 231-266, 02. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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