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Borrowing restrictions and wealth constraints: implications for aggregate consumption

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Author Info
Carl E. Walsh

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Abstract

Recent empirical studies have found that consumption is more sensitive to current income than simple versions of the life-cycle, permanent income hypothesis would predict. The present paper studies a model in which the fraction of consumers exhibiting excess sensitivity is endogenously determined. The presence of income uncertainty and restrictions on borrowing are shown to generate a distribution of consumption across individuals which is consistent with the recent empirical evidence. The aggregate fraction of consumers facing a binding borrowing constraint is shown to exhibit positive serial correlation in the face of serially uncorrelated income shocks.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco in its series Working Papers in Applied Economic Theory with number 86-06.

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Date of creation: 1986
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedfap:86-06

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Keywords: Consumption (Economics) ; Income;

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Bernanke, Ben S, 1984. "Permanent Income, Liquidity, and Expenditure on Automobiles: Evidence from Panel Data," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 99(3), pages 587-614, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Schechtman, Jack & Escudero, Vera L. S., 1977. "Some results on "an income fluctuation problem"," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 151-166, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1982. "Interest rates and currency prices in a two-country world," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 335-359. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Svensson, Lars E O, 1985. "Money and Asset Prices in a Cash-in-Advance Economy," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 93(5), pages 919-44, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Sibley, David S., 1975. "Permanent and transitory income effects in a model of optimal consumption with wage income uncertainty," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 68-82, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Bewley, Truman, 1977. "The permanent income hypothesis: A theoretical formulation," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 252-292, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Flemming, J S, 1973. "The Consumption Function when Capital Markets are Imperfect: The Permanent Income Hypothesis Reconsidered," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 25(2), pages 160-72, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Heller, Walter Perrin & Starr, Ross M, 1979. "Capital Market Imperfection, the Consumption Function, and the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 93(3), pages 455-63, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Koskela, Erkki & Viren, Matti, 1984. "Credit Rationing and Consumer Intertemporal Choice," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 36(2), pages 241-47, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Danthine, Jean-Pierre & Donaldson, John B, 1981. "Stochastic Properties of Fast vs. Slow Growing Economies," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1007-33, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Ben S. Bernanke, 1982. "Adjustment Costs, Durables, and Aggregate Consumption," NBER Working Papers 1038, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  15. Zeldes, Stephen P, 1989. "Consumption and Liquidity Constraints: An Empirical Investigation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(2), pages 305-46, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  16. Hansen, Lars Peter & Singleton, Kenneth J, 1983. "Stochastic Consumption, Risk Aversion, and the Temporal Behavior of Asset Returns," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 91(2), pages 249-65, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Hall, Robert E & Mishkin, Frederic S, 1982. "The Sensitivity of Consumption to Transitory Income: Estimates from Panel Data on Households," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(2), pages 461-81, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  18. Stiglitz, Joseph E & Weiss, Andrew, 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(3), pages 393-410, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Dolde, Walter, 1978. "Capital Markets and the Short Run Behavior of Life Cycle Savers," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 33(2), pages 413-28, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. Hayashi, Fumio, 1982. "The Permanent Income Hypothesis: Estimation and Testing by Instrumental Variables," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 90(5), pages 895-916, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  21. Marjorie A. Flavin, 1984. "Excess Sensitivity of Consumption to Current Income: Liquidity Constraints or Myopia?," NBER Working Papers 1341, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  22. Rothschild, Michael & Stiglitz, Joseph E., 1970. "Increasing risk: I. A definition," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 225-243, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  23. Lucas, Robert E, Jr, 1978. "Asset Prices in an Exchange Economy," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(6), pages 1429-45, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  24. Foley, Duncan K & Hellwig, Martin F, 1975. "Asset Management with Trading Uncertainty," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(3), pages 327-46, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  25. Mervyn A. King, 1983. "The Economics of Saving," NBER Working Papers 1247, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  26. Goldman, Steven Marc, 1974. "Flexibility and the demand for money," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 203-222, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  27. Lucas, Robert E, Jr, 1980. "Equilibrium in a Pure Currency Economy," Economic Inquiry, Oxford University Press, vol. 18(2), pages 203-20, April.
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