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Groundwater Irrigation in India: Gains, Costs and Risks

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  • Vasant P Gandhi

Abstract

Groundwater has rapidly emerged to occupy a dominant place in India’s agriculture and food security in the recent years. It has become the main source of growth in irrigated area over the past 3 decades, and it now accounts for over 60 percent of the irrigated area in the country. It is estimated that now over 70 percent of India’s food grain production comes from irrigated agriculture, in which groundwater plays a major role. Since the development of groundwater irrigation has not largely been government or policy driven - has happened gradually through highly decentralized private activity, this revolution has gone largely unnoticed.[IIMA W.P. No. 2009-03-08]

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  • Vasant P Gandhi, 2009. "Groundwater Irrigation in India: Gains, Costs and Risks," Working Papers id:2091, eSocialSciences.
    • Handle: RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2091
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Briscoe & R.P.S. Malik, 2006. "India's Water Economy : Bracing for a Turbulent Future," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7238, December.
    2. Bhatia, B,, 1992. "Lush Fields and Parched Throats: The political economy of Growndwater in Gujarat," Research Paper 100, World Institute for Development Economics Research.
    3. Bela Bhatia, 1992. "Lush Fields and Parched Throats: The Political Economy of Groundwater in Gujarat," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-1992-100, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
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    1. Hamsa, K.R. & Bellundagi, V. & S.M.P.S., 2018. "Economic optimum crop planning for maximization of farm net income in central dry zone of Karnataka: An application of linear programming model," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277731, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. A. R. Vasavi, 2019. "The Displaced Threshing Yard: Involutions of the Rural," Review of Development and Change, , vol. 24(1), pages 31-54, June.
    3. Srivastavaa, SK & Singha, J & Shirsathb, PB, 2018. "Sustainability of groundwater resources at the subnational level in the context of sustainable development goals," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 31(2).
    4. Golam Saleh Ahmed Salem & So Kazama & Shamsuddin Shahid & Nepal C. Dey, 2018. "Groundwater-dependent irrigation costs and benefits for adaptation to global change," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 23(6), pages 953-979, August.
    5. Shweta, & Bhattacharya, Bimal K. & Krishna, Akhouri Pramod, 2018. "A baseline regional evapotranspiration (ET) and change hotspots over Indian sub-tropics using satellite remote sensing data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 284-298.
    6. Buisson, Marie-Charlotte & Balasubramanya, Soumya & Stifel, David C., 2020. "Effects of electric pumps on farm-level agricultural production and groundwater use in West Bengal," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304212, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    7. Mandal, Uday & Dhar, Anirban & Panda, Sudhindra N., 2021. "Enhancement of sustainable agricultural production system by integrated natural resources management framework under climatic and operational uncertainty," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    8. Srivastava, S.K. & Chand, Ramesh & Raju, S.S. & Jain, Rajni & I., Kingsly & Sachdeva, Jatinder & Singh, Jaspal & Kaur, Amrit Pal, 2015. "Unsustainable Groundwater Use in Punjab Agriculture: Insights from Cost of Cultivation Survey," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 70(3), pages 1-14.
    9. Shannak, Sa'd, 2022. "Optimizing dynamics of water-energy-food nexus in a desert climate," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    10. Zaveri, Esha & Wrenn, Douglas H. & Fisher-Vanden, Karen, 2016. "Water in the Balance: The Impact of Water Infrastructure on Agricultural Adaptation to Rainfall Shocks in India," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 236216, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    11. Hasanov, Fakhri J. & Shannak, Sa'd, 2020. "Electricity incentives for agriculture in Saudi Arabia. Is that relevant to remove them?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

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    Keywords

    Groundwater; India; agriculture; food security; production; policy; Irrigation; Surface Water; equity; efficiency; externality; problems; laws and policies;
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