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Estimación de servicios de capital y productividad para América Latina

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  • Aravena, Claudio
  • Villarreal, Francisco G.
  • Jofré, José

Abstract

En este documento se presenta la metodología integrada propuesta por la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE); para estimar acervos y servicios de capital. Asimismo, se presenta el efecto que tienen algunas alternativas metodológicas en la estimación de servicios de capital para el periodo 1950-2005 y productividad para el periodo 1960-2005, para los siguientes países de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Venezuela. La estimación de servicios de capital se realiza en dos etapas. En la primera se estima el acervo de capital para cada tipo de activo considerado: maquinaria y equipo, y construcción. En la segunda, suponiendo que los servicios son proporcionales al acervo de capital disponible; se calcula la variación del índice agregado de volumen de servicios de capital, utilizando como ponderador el respectivo costo de uso. Finalmente, se realiza una estimación de la productividad multifactorial con las series de servicios de capital que se construyen para esta investigación y se comparan con los resultados obtenidos a través de la metodología tradicionalmente utilizada. Los resultados indican que la estimación de series de servicios de capital no se ve afectada por la elección de las formas funcionales para modelar el retiro de activos y su pérdida de eficiencia. Sin embargo, los resultados son sensibles a la elección de las vidas medias de servicio para los distintos tipos de activo considerados. Adicionalmente, se encuentra que cuando se utiliza el valor de mercado como ponderador en la agregación de activos en el análisis de productividad, en vez del costo de uso, se subestima la aportación del capital al proceso productivo y por lo tanto, sobreestima la estimación de la productividad multifactorial. No obstante lo anterior, los resultados encontrados son consistentes con estudios previos sobre la evolución de la productividad en América Latina.

Suggested Citation

  • Aravena, Claudio & Villarreal, Francisco G. & Jofré, José, 2010. "Estimación de servicios de capital y productividad para América Latina," Estudios Estadísticos 4772, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col027:4772
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    1. -, 2014. "Handbook for disaster assessment," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 36823 edited by Eclac, September.
    2. Claudio Aravena F. & André A. Hofman & Luis Eduardo Escobar F., 2018. "Fuentes del crecimiento económico y la productividad en América Latina y el Caribe, 1990-2013," Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), Central Bank of Chile, vol. 21(1), pages 034-066, April.

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