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IPO Pricing in the dot-com Bubble

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Author Info
Ljungqvist, Alexander P
Wilhelm Jr, William J

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Abstract

IPO initial returns reached astronomical levels during 1999-2000. We show that the regime shift in initial returns and other elements of pricing behaviour can be at least partially accounted for by a variety of marked changes in pre-IPO ownership structure and insider selling behaviour over the period which reduced key decision-makers’ incentives to control underpricing. After controlling for these changes, there appears to be little special about the 1999-2000 period, aside from the preponderance of Internet and high-tech firms going public. Our results suggest that it was firm characteristics that were unique during the ‘dot-com bubble’ and that pricing behaviour followed from incentives created by these characteristics.

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Paper provided by C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers in its series CEPR Discussion Papers with number 3314.

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Date of creation: Apr 2002
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Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:3314

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Related research
Keywords: hot issue markets; initial public offerings; intermediation; internet; underpricing;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure

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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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  4. Ljungqvist, Alexander P & Wilhelm Jr, William J, 2001. "IPO Allocations: Discriminatory or Discretionary?," CEPR Discussion Papers 2855, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Baron, David P, 1982. " A Model of the Demand for Investment Banking Advising and Distribution Services for New Issues," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 37(4), pages 955-76, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Allen, Franklin & Faulhaber, Gerald R., 1989. "Signalling by underpricing in the IPO market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 303-323, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Benveniste, Lawrence M. & Busaba, Walid Y. & Wilhelm, William Jr., 2002. "Information Externalities and the Role of Underwriters in Primary Equity Markets," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 61-86, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. Alexander Ljungqvist & Tim Jenkinson & William Wilhelm, 2001. "Global Integration in Primary Equity Markets: The Role of U.S. Banks and U.S. Investors," OFRC Working Papers Series 2001fe06, Oxford Financial Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
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  18. Demers, Elizabeth & Lewellen, Katharina, 2003. "The marketing role of IPOs: evidence from internet stocks," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 413-437, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  21. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-38, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  23. Muscarella, Chris J. & Vetsuypens, Michael R., 1989. "A simple test of Baron's model of IPO underpricing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(1), pages 125-135, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  24. Tim Loughran & Jay Ritter, 2004. "Why Has IPO Underpricing Changed Over Time?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 33(3), Fall.
  25. Benveniste, Lawrence M. & Spindt, Paul A., 1989. "How investment bankers determine the offer price and allocation of new issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 343-361. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Hamid Mehran & Rene M. Stulz, 2006. "The Economics of Conflicts of Interest in Financial Institutions," NBER Working Papers 12695, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Emre Unlu & Stephen P. Ferris & Gregory Noronha, 2004. "IPO underpricing over time: evidence from the UK," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 5-9, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Qiao, Yongyuan, 2008. "Analysis into IPO underpricing and clustering in Hong Kong equity market," MPRA Paper 7876, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. L. Cassia & G. Giudici & S. Paleari & R. Redondi, 2004. "IPO underpricing in Italy," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 179-194, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Marco Rummer & Andreas Oehler & Peter N. Smith, 2004. "IPO Pricing and the Relative Importance of Investor Sentiment: Evidence from Germany," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2004 62, Money Macro and Finance Research Group. [Downloadable!]
  6. Goergen, Marc & Khurshed, Arif & Renneboog, L.D.R., 2006. "Why are the French so different from the Germans? Underpricing of IPOs on the Euro New Markets," Discussion Paper 8, Tilburg University, Tilburg Law and Economic Center. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Alex Stomper & Wolfgang Aussenegg & Pegaret Pichler, 2004. "IPO Pricing with Bookbuilding and a When-Issued Market," Working Papers 2004.8, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. [Downloadable!]
  8. Michael Stolpe, 2004. "Non-Market Interaction in Primary Equity Markets: Evidence from France and Germany," Kiel Working Papers 1211, Kiel Institute for the World Economy. [Downloadable!]
  9. Vicente Pons-Sanz, 2005. "Who benefits from IPO underpricing? Evidence form hybrid bookbuilding offerings," Working Paper Series 428, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  10. Ljungqvist, Alexander P, 2003. "Conflicts of Interest and Efficient Contracting in IPOs," CEPR Discussion Papers 4163, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Iftekhar Hasan & Haizhi Wang, 2008. "The US bankruptcy law and private equity financing: empirical evidence," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 31(1), pages 5-19, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Alexander Ljungqvist & Matthew Richardson, 2003. "The cash flow, return and risk characteristics of private equity," NBER Working Papers 9454, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Christian Hopp & Axel Dreher, 2007. "Do Differences in Institutional and Legal Environments Explain Cross-Country Variations in IPO Underpricing?," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  14. Pedro Pereira, 2004. "Some implications of search and switching costs for the price dynamics of electronic markets," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 11(3), pages 303-327, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Ljungqvist, Alexander P & Marston, Felicia & Wilhelm Jr, William J, 2003. "Competing for Securities Underwriting Mandates: Banking Relationships and Analyst Recommendations," CEPR Discussion Papers 4162, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  16. Missaka Warusawitharana, 2007. "Corporate asset purchases and sales: theory and evidence," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2007-27, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  17. Daphna Shwarts-Asher & Uri Ben-zion & Shaul Gabbay & Joseph Yagil, 2006. "Launching a corporate website and market efficiency," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 16(7), pages 551-559, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Pástor, Luboš & Veronesi, Pietro, 2003. "Stock Prices and IPO Waves," CEPR Discussion Papers 4002, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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