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L’effet des Zones Franches Urbaines sur le Retour à l’Emploi

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  • Gobillon, Laurent
  • Magnac, Thierry
  • Selod, Haris

Abstract

Ce rapport évalue l'impact du programme de zones franches urbaines mis en place en 1997 pour aider les chômeurs à trouver un emploi en faisant bénéficier les entreprises d'une baisse de charges sociales (environ un tiers des coûts salariaux totaux) si elles embauchent au moins 20% de leur main-d'oeuvre localement. En utilisant une base de données géo-codée exhaustive sur les épisodes de chômage en Ile-de-France durant la période 1993-2003, nous mesurons l'effet direct du programme sur les durées de chômage, en distinguant entre les effets de court et de long terme. Nous utilisons une stratégie empirique originale en deux étapes utilisant des données individuelles en première étape, et des données agrégées et des techniques d'appariement linéaires conditionnelles en deuxième étape. Nous montrons que bien que le programme de zones franches urbaines ait eu tendance à "sélectionner les gagnants", il est inefficace en termes de coûts/bénéfices. Il a eu un effet faible mais significatif sur le taux de retour à l'emploi des chômeurs (qui a augmenté de seulement 3%). Cet effet était localisé et significatif uniquement à court terme (i.e. au mieux durant les trois années qui ont suivi la mise en place du programme). Nous avons aussi évalué l'effet du deuxième programme de zones franches urbaines mis en place en 2004 et avons trouvé qu'il n'avait pas d'effet significatif.

Suggested Citation

  • Gobillon, Laurent & Magnac, Thierry & Selod, Haris, 2012. "L’effet des Zones Franches Urbaines sur le Retour à l’Emploi," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 1209, CEPREMAP.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpm:docweb:1209
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