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Budget Processes: Theory and Experimental Evidence

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Author Info
Karl-Martin Ehrhart
Roy Gardner
Jürgen von Hagen
Claudia Keser ()

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Abstract

This paper studies budget processes, both theoretically and experimentally. We give a sufficient condition for top-down and bottom-up budget processes to have the same voting equilibrium. Furthermore, at a voting equilibrium, it is not always true, as often presumed, that a top-down budget process leads to a smaller overall budget than does a bottom-up budget process. To test the implications for budget processes of voting equilibrium theory, we conduct a series of 128 voting experiments using subjects in a behavior laboratory. The experimental evidence from these experiments is well organized by voting equilibrium theory, both at the aggregate level and at the individual subject level. In particular, subjects display considerable evidence of rationality in their proposals and votes. More complete information and fewer spending categories lead to greater predictive success of voting equilibrium theory, and reduce the time needed to reach a budget decision.

Ce texte étudie des processus de construction budgétaire, tant d'un point de vue théorique que d'un point de vue de leur application expérimentale. Nous spécifions une condition suffisante afin que l'équilibre électoral soit le même pour les processus de construction budgétaire qu'ils soient de type top-down (par le haut) ou de type bottom-up (par le bas). D'autre part, et bien que cela soit souvent supposé, il n'est pas toujours vrai qu'à l'équilibre électoral un processus de construction budgétaire top-down conduise à un plus faible budget global que ne le ferait un processus budgétaire de type bottom-up. Pour tester les conséquences de la théorie de l'équilibre électoral sur les processus de construction budgétaire, une série de 128 expériences a été conduite en laboratoire. Les résultats de ces expériences sont largement conformes à la théorie de l'équilibre électoral, aussi bien au niveau des donnés agrégés qu'au niveau des résultats individuels. Plus particulièrement, l'étude des résultats révèle que les joueurs font preuve d'une véritable rationalité de décision tant pour formuler leur proposition que pour établir leur stratégie de vote. Enfin, une information plus complète et moins de catégories de dépenses conduisent à un plus grand succès de prévision de la théorie de l'équilibre électoral et réduisent le temps nécessaire pour atteindre une ratification budgétaire.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 99s-33.

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Date of creation: 01 Oct 1999
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:99s-33

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Related research
Keywords: Budget processes; voting equilibrium; experimental economics; Processus de construction budgétaire; équilibre électoral; économie expérimentale;

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Claudia Keser & Roy Gardner, 1999. "Strategic behavior of experienced subjects in a common pool resource game," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 241-252. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Alberto Alesina & Roberto Perotti, 1996. "Budget Deficits and Budget Institutions," IMF Working Papers 96/52, International Monetary Fund.
    Other versions:
  3. Hallerberg, Mark & von Hagen, Jürgen, 1997. "Electoral Institutions, Cabinet Negotiations, and Budget Deficits within the European Union," CEPR Discussion Papers 1555, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Alberto Alesina & Roberto Perotti, 1994. "The Political Economy of Budget Deficits," NBER Working Papers 4637, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Eckel, Catherine & Holt, Charles A, 1989. "Strategic Voting in Agenda-Controlled Committee Experiments," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(4), pages 763-73, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Marcel Boyer, 1999. "Les Expos, l'OSM, les universités, les hôpitaux : Le coût d'un déficit de 400 000 emplois au Québec = Expos, Montreal Symphony Orchestra, Universities, Hospitals: The Cost of a 400,000-Job Shortf," CIRANO Papers 99c-01, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
  7. Mark Hallerberg & Jürgen von Hagen, 1999. "Electoral Institutions, Cabinet Negotiations, and Budget Deficits in the European Union," NBER Chapters, in: Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance, pages 209-232 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
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  8. Jürgen von Hagen & Ian Harden, 1996. "Budget Processes and Commitment to Fiscal Discipline," IMF Working Papers 96/78, International Monetary Fund.
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  9. Selten, Reinhard, 1991. "Properties of a measure of predictive success," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 153-167, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. McKelvey, Richard D, 1979. "General Conditions for Global Intransitivities in Formal Voting Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(5), pages 1085-1112, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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