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La mobilité sociale au Québec selon différents parcours universitaires

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  • Marie Connolly
  • Catherine Haeck
  • Lucie Raymond-Brousseau

Abstract

The main objective of this report is to present a descriptive analysis of the social mobility of bachelor's degree graduates from different Quebec universities according to field of study, a mobility captured here by the intergenerational transmission of income. Using administrative data on all Quebec students, it's possible to observe graduation rates as well as the earnings of graduates once they enter the labour market, all by parental income quintile. In terms of undergraduate attendance in Quebec, we observe an over-representation of students from more affluent backgrounds. Our results also suggest that undergraduate graduation rates are lower for students from low-income families and increase with parental income quintile. Our analysis of intergenerational mobility, using a transition matrix, suggests that recent university graduates have fairly good mobility relative to the population comprising all levels of education, and that students from less advantaged backgrounds have significantly higher mobility than their reference population. We also calculate, by university and field of study, a measure of intergenerational mobility that takes into account access to university education and upward mobility (moving from the bottom income quintile to the top quintile). We find that upward mobility varies across universities, but also by field of study, with institutions specializing in engineering and programs in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics showing the highest upward mobilities. An important limitation of our data is that the time horizon following graduation is limited, so the observed employment earnings are not necessarily representative of graduates' permanent earnings. L’objectif principal de ce rapport est de présenter une analyse descriptive de la mobilité sociale des diplômés du baccalauréat des différentes universités du Québec selon le domaine d’études, mobilité étant ici captée par la transmission intergénérationnelle du revenu. À partir de données administratives sur l’ensemble des étudiants du Québec, il est possible d’observer les taux de diplomation ainsi que les revenus des diplômés une fois sur le marché du travail, le tout par quintile de revenu parental. Au niveau de la fréquentation universitaire de premier cycle au Québec, nous observons une surreprésentation des étudiants provenant de milieux plus aisés. Nos résultats suggèrent également que le taux de diplomation des étudiants au baccalauréat est plus faible pour les étudiants provenant de familles à faible revenu et augmente avec le quintile de revenu parental. Notre analyse de la mobilité intergénérationnelle, à l’aide d’une matrice de transition, suggère que les jeunes diplômés universitaires ont une assez bonne mobilité relativement à la population comprenant tous les niveaux de scolarité, et que les étudiants provenant de milieux moins favorisés ont une mobilité nettement supérieure à leur population de référence. Nous calculons aussi, par université et domaine d’études, une mesure de mobilité intergénérationnelle qui tient compte de l’accès aux études universitaires et de la mobilité ascendante (passer du quintile inférieur de revenu au quintile supérieur). On constate que la mobilité ascendante varie d’une université à l’autre, mais également par domaine d’études, les institutions spécialisées en ingénierie et les programmes en science, technologie, ingénierie et mathématiques démontrant les mobilités ascendantes les plus élevées. Une limite importante de nos données est que l’horizon de temps suivant l’obtention du diplôme est limité, de telle sorte que les revenus d’emploi observés ne sont pas nécessairement représentatifs du revenu permanent des diplômés.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Connolly & Catherine Haeck & Lucie Raymond-Brousseau, 2022. "La mobilité sociale au Québec selon différents parcours universitaires," CIRANO Project Reports 2022rp-12, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2022rp-12
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    References listed on IDEAS

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