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Trade in the Triad: How Easy is the Access to Large Markets?

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Author Info
Lionel Fontagne
Thierry Mayer
Soledad Zignago

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Abstract

We attempt in this paper to identify the level of trade integration between the three largest economic powers of the world, often called the Triad: The United States, the EU and Japan. We focus on measuring possible asymmetries in market access between members of the Triad using border effects between each of those partners. We investigate trends of bilateral trade openness and show notably that there has recently been a deterioration of the relative access of Japanese exporters on both the American and EU markets. Results also show which industries have the most asymmetric market access among the different combinations of those partners. We finally try to explain the estimated border effects with proxies for bilateral observed protection (tariffs and NTBs), home bias of consumers, product differentiation and levels of FDI. Tariffs still matter in shaping trade patterns even in cases where those tariffs are low in magnitude. The explanations related to actual protection, home bias and substitutability of goods put together explain a large part of the border effect between blocs of the triad, although they do not explain the whole of the border effect puzzle.

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Paper provided by CEPII research center in its series Working Papers with number 2004-04.

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Date of creation: Apr 2004
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Handle: RePEc:cii:cepidt:2004-04

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Related research
Keywords: Border effects; european Union; gravity model; international trade; simulation; tariffs; market access; NTB; opening-up; international trade models and databases;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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    Other versions:
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  4. Huiwen Lai & Daniel Trefler, 2002. "The Gains from Trade with Monopolistic Competition: Specification, Estimation, and Mis-Specification," NBER Working Papers 9169, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
  6. Shang-Jin Wei, 1996. "Intra-National versus International Trade: How Stubborn are Nations in Global Integration?," NBER Working Papers 5531, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Maurice Obstfeld, 2002. "Exchange Rates and Adjustment: Perspectives from the New Open Economy Macroeconomics," Center for International and Development Economics Research, Working Paper Series 1022, Center for International and Development Economics Research, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Bernard Hoekman & Francis Ng & Marcelo Olarreaga, 2002. "Eliminating Excessive Tariffs on Exports of Least Developed Countries," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(1), pages 1-21, June.
    Other versions:
  9. James Harrigan & Rohit Vanjani, 2003. "Is Japan's Trade (still) Different?," NBER Working Papers 10058, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. Scott Bradford, 2003. "Paying the Price: Final Goods Protection in OECD Countries," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(1), pages 24-37, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Carolyn L. Evans, 2003. "The Economic Significance of National Border Effects," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(4), pages 1291-1312, September. [Downloadable!]
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  13. Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2000. "Non-Europe: The magnitude and causes of market fragmentation in the EU," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 136(2), pages 284-314, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  14. Chen, Natalie, 2002. "Intra-national versus International Trade in the European Union: Why do National Borders Matter?," CEPR Discussion Papers 3407, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. Jonathan Eaton & Samuel Kortum, 2002. "Technology, Geography, and Trade," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(5), pages 1741-1779, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2001. "Effet frontiere, integration economique et "Forteresse Europe"," Working Papers 2001-06, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
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  18. repec:att:wimass:199713 is not listed on IDEAS
  19. Lionel Fontagne & Friedrich von Kirchbach & Mondher Mimouni, 2001. "A First Assessment of Environment-Related Trade Barriers," Working Papers 2001-10, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
  20. Keith Head & John Ries, 2001. "Increasing Returns versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation for the Pattern of U.S.-Canada Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(4), pages 858-876, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Olper, Alessandro & Raimondi, Valentina, 2004. "The border effect in agricultural markets between European Union, OECD and LDC countries," 85th Seminar, September 8-11, 2004, Florence, Italy 37817, European Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
  2. Sebastien Jean & David Laborde, 2004. "The Impact of Multilateral Liberalisation on European Regions: a CGE Assessment," Working Papers 2004-20, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
  3. Hedi Bchir & Lionel Fontagne & Sebastien Jean, 2005. "From Bound Duties to Actual Protection: Industrial Liberalisation in the Doha Round," Working Papers 2005-12, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Olper, Alessandro & Raimondi, Valentina, 2005. "Market Access Asymmetry in Food Trade among Quad Countries," 2005 International Congress, August 23-27, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark 24596, European Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
  5. Guillaume Gaulier & Sebastien Jean & Deniz Unal-Kesenci, 2004. "Regionalism and the Regionalisation of International Trade," Working Papers 2004-16, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
  6. Maria Bas & Ivan Ledezma, 2007. "Trade integration and within-plant productivity evolution in Chile," PSE Working Papers 2007-09, PSE (Ecole normale supérieure), revised Oct 2008. [Downloadable!]
  7. Alessandro Olper & Valentina Raimondi, 2007. "Patterns and Determinants of International Trade Costs in the Food Industry," LICOS Discussion Papers 18807, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, K.U.Leuven. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Olper, Alessandro & Raimondi, Valentina, 2006. "Explaining National Border Effects in the Quad Food Trade," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25467, International Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  9. repec:bep:glecon:5:2007:1:7 is not listed on IDEAS
  10. Antoine Bouet & Jean-Christophe Bureau & Yvan Decreux & Sebastien Jean, 2004. "Multilateral Agricultural Trade Liberalization: The Contrasting Fortunes of Developing Countries in the Doha Round," Working Papers 2004-18, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Alessandro Olper & Valentina Raimondi, 2008. "Market Access Asymmetry in Food Trade," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 144(3), pages 509-537, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  12. Olper, A. & Raimondi, V., 2002. "Elasticity of trade flow to trade barriers: A comparison among emerging estimation techniques," 2008 International Congress, August 26-29, 2008, Ghent, Belgium 44119, European Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
  13. Disdier, Anne-Célia & Mayer, Thierry, 2005. "Je T'aime, Moi Non Plus: Bilateral Opinions and International Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 4928, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  14. Olper, Alessandro & Raimondi, Valentina, 2005. "Access to OECD Agricultural Market: A Gravity Border Effect Approach," 2005 International Congress, August 23-27, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark 24543, European Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
  15. Guillaume Gaulier & Francoise Lemoine & Deniz Unal-Kesenci, 2005. "China’s Integration in East Asia: Production Sharing, FDI & High-Tech Trade," Working Papers 2005-09, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
  16. Novy, Dennis, 2008. "Gravity Redux : Measuring International Trade Costs with Panel Data," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 861, University of Warwick, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  17. Balazs Egert & Amina Lahreche-Revil & Kirsten Lommatzsch, 2004. "The Stock-Flow Approach to the Real Exchange Rate of CEE Transition Economies," Working Papers 2004-15, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
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  18. Jean-Christophe Bureau & Sébastien Jean & Alan Matthews, 2005. "The Consequences of Agricultural Trade Liberalization for Developing Countries: Distinguishing Between Genuine Benefits and False Hopes," Working Papers 2005-13, CEPII research center. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  19. Maria Bas & Yvan Ledezma, 2007. "Trade integration in manufacturing: the Chilean experience," PSE Working Papers 2007-50, PSE (Ecole normale supérieure). [Downloadable!]
  20. Maria Bas & Ivan Ledezma, 2007. "Market Access and the Evolution of within Plant Productivity in Chile," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
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