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Optimal sequential contract with a risk‐averse supplier

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  • Chifeng Dai

Abstract

We study optimal contracts in environments where a risk‐averse supplier discovers cost information privately and gradually over time: the supplier is privately informed about its cost uncertainty at the time of contracting and discovers the realization of cost condition privately after contracting and before production. We show that both the buyer and the supplier prefer more cost uncertainty when the supplier is not very risk‐averse but less cost uncertainty when the supplier is sufficiently risk‐averse. However, the buyer always prefers to contract before the cost uncertainty resolves regardless of the supplier's degree of risk aversion. The nature of the optimal contract also depends on the supplier's risk preference. A separating contract is optimal when the supplier is not very risk‐averse; however, a pooling contract, which offers the same contract terms regardless of the cost uncertainty, can be optimal when the supplier becomes sufficiently risk‐averse. Moreover, the optimal production schedule is often characterized by “inflexible rules.” Contrat séquentiel optimal avec un fournisseur réticent au risque. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux contrats optimaux dans le cadre desquels un fournisseur réticent au risque découvre les informations relatives aux coûts de façon graduelle et confidentielle. Au moment de conclure le contrat, le fournisseur est informé des incertitudes liées aux coûts, puis découvre la concrétisation des conditions tarifaires après la signature du contrat et avant l’étape de production. Nous montrons que l’acheteur et le fournisseur préfèrent davantage d’incertitude liée aux coûts lorsque le fournisseur n’est pas très réticent au risque, mais moins d’incertitude lorsque le fournisseur est raisonnablement réticent au risque. Néanmoins, quel que soit le degré d’aversion au risque du fournisseur, l’acheteur préfère toujours conclure un contrat avant que les incertitudes liées aux coûts ne se dissipent. La nature du contrat optimal dépend également de la propension au risque du fournisseur. Un contrat séparateur [separating contract] est optimal lorsque le fournisseur n’est pas très enclin au risque. En revanche, un contrat rassemblant [pooling contract] offrant les mêmes conditions contractuelles peut s’avérer optimal dès lors que le fournisseur est raisonnablement réticent au risque, quelle que soit l’incertitude liée aux coûts. De plus, le programme de production optimal est souvent caractérisé par des règles inflexibles .

Suggested Citation

  • Chifeng Dai, 2021. "Optimal sequential contract with a risk‐averse supplier," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(1), pages 92-125, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:92-125
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12490
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    References listed on IDEAS

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