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Indian residential schools: Height and body mass post‐1930

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  • Donna L. Feir
  • M. Christopher Auld

Abstract

We study the effects of Canadian Indian residential schooling on two anthropometric measures of health during childhood: adult height and body weight. We use repeated cross‐sectional data from the 1991 and 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey and leverage detailed historical data on school closures and location to make causal inferences. We find evidence that, on average, residential schooling increases adult height and the likelihood of a healthy adult body weight for those who attended. These effects are concentrated after the 1950s, when the schools were subject to tighter health regulations and students were selected to attend residential school based partly on their need for medical care that was otherwise unavailable. Residential schooling is only one policy in Canada that had an impact on the health of status First Nations peoples, so our results must be understood in the broader social context. Taken in context, our results suggest that health interventions in later childhood can have significant impacts on adult health. We also document significant increases in height and body weight for status peoples born after the 1960s, suggesting substantial changes in diet and living conditions during this period. Pensionnats indiens du Canada, taille et poids après 1930. Dans cet article, nous étudions l’effet des pensionnats indiens du Canada sur deux mesures anthropométriques relatives à la santé au cours de l’enfance: le poids et la taille à l’âge adulte. Afin d’établir une relation de causalité, nous avons utilisé les données transversales issues des enquêtes récurrentes réalisées auprès des peuples autochtones en 1991 et 2001 et avons exploité les données historiques détaillées relatives à la situation géographique de ces pensionnats et leur fermeture. Nous avons dégagé la preuve qu’en moyenne, ces établissements ont favorisé la croissance de leurs pensionnaires ainsi que leur chance d’atteindre un poids santé à l’âge adulte. Ces effets se concentrent après 1950 lorsque les pensionnats indiens furent assujettis à des réglementations sanitaires plus strictes, et lorsque leurs pensionnaires furent sélectionnés en partie en raison de leurs besoins sanitaires autrement impossibles à satisfaire. Ces pensionnats ne représentent que l’une des politiques ayant eu une incidence sur la santé des membres des Premières Nations au Canada, c’est pourquoi nos résultats doivent s’inscrire dans un contexte social plus large. En l’occurrence, nos résultats suggèrent que les interventions sanitaires menées plus tard au cours de l’enfance peuvent avoir des répercussions considérables sur la santéà l’âge adulte. Nous documentons également ces augmentations significatives de taille et de poids des membres des Premières Nations nés après 1960, suggérant des modifications drastiques dans leur alimentation et leurs conditions de vie.

Suggested Citation

  • Donna L. Feir & M. Christopher Auld, 2021. "Indian residential schools: Height and body mass post‐1930," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(1), pages 126-163, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:126-163
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12495
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • N32 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-

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