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Not just a work permit: EU citizenship and the consumption behaviour of documented and undocumented immigrants

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  • Effrosyni Adamopoulou
  • Ezgi Kaya

Abstract

This paper explores the impact of the 2007 European Union enlargement on the consumption behaviour of immigrant households. Using data from a unique Italian survey and a difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that the enlargement induced a significant consumption increase for the immigrant households from new member states both in the short and in the medium run. This enlargement effect cannot be attributed to the mere legalization as it concerns both undocumented and documented immigrants, albeit through different channels. Detailed information on immigrants’ legal status (undocumented/documented) and sector of employment (informal/formal) allows us to shed light on the exact mechanisms. Following the enlargement, previously undocumented immigrants experienced an increase in the labour income by moving from the informal towards the formal economy, whereas immigrants who were already working legally in Italy benefited from the increased probability of getting a permanent contract. Enhanced employment stability in turn reduced the uncertainty about future labour income leading to an increase in documented immigrants’ consumption expenditure. Plus qu’un simple permis de travail : la citoyenneté européenne et le comportement de consommation des immigrants avec et sans papiers. Cet article s’intéresse aux conséquences de l’élargissement de l’Union Européenne de 2007 sur le comportement de consommation des ménages d’immigrants. Grâce aux données d’une étude italienne exclusive, et nous appuyant sur la méthode des doubles différences, nous avons découvert que l’élargissement avait entraîné une hausse de la consommation des ménages d’immigrants en provenance des nouveaux pays membres, à court comme à moyen terme. Cet effet " d’élargissement " ne repose pas uniquement sur une simple régularisation puisqu’il concerne à la fois les immigrants avec et sans papiers, mais sur d’autres facteurs distincts. Grâce à des informations plus détaillées sur le statut juridique des immigrants (avec ou sans papiers) nous pouvons apporter un éclairage sur les mécanismes précis. À la suite de l’élargissement, et grâce à la transition de l’économie informelle à l’économie officielle, les immigrants anciennement sans papiers virent les revenus de leur travail augmenter. Dans le même temps, les immigrants travaillant déjà légalement en Italie purent profiter de meilleures possibilités d’obtenir un contrat à durée indéterminée. Cette stabilité d’emploi accrue a permis de réduire l’incertitude liée aux revenus du travail avec pour conséquence une hausse des dépenses de consommation des immigrants en situation régulière.

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  • Effrosyni Adamopoulou & Ezgi Kaya, 2020. "Not just a work permit: EU citizenship and the consumption behaviour of documented and undocumented immigrants," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(4), pages 1552-1598, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:53:y:2020:i:4:p:1552-1598
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12479
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    2. Luca Pieroni & Melcior Rosselló Roig & Luca Salmasi & Gilberto Turati, 2023. "Legal status and voluntary abortions by immigrants," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza def126, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    3. Mariani, R. D. & Rosati, F. C., 2022. "Immigrant supply of marketable child care and native fertility in Italy," Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 88(4), pages 503-533, December.
    4. Rama Dasi Mariani & Alessandra Pasquini & Furio Camillo Rosati, 2023. "The Immigration Puzzle in Italy: A Survey of Evidence and Facts," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 9(1), pages 85-116, March.
    5. Hammer, Luisa & Hertweck, Matthias Sebastian, 2022. "EU Enlargement and (Temporary) Migration: Effects on Labour Market Outcomes in Germany," VfS Annual Conference 2022 (Basel): Big Data in Economics 264082, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.

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    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration

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