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Geht der Arbeitsgesellschaft die Arbeit aus?

Author

Listed:
  • Gunther Tichy

    (WIFO)

Abstract

Die vielfach diskutierte "digitale Beschleunigung" hat nach manchen Schätzungen das Potential, bis zur Hälfte der bestehenden Arbeitsplätze obsolet zu machen. Die heftige publizistische und öffentliche Reaktion übersieht, dass andere Schätzungen bloß auf ein Zehntel kommen; überdies geht es um Bruttofreisetzungen: die gleichzeitig arbeitsplatzschaffende Wirkung einer eventuellen digitalen Beschleunigung wird somit nicht berücksichtigt. Wie historische Erfahrungen zeigen, schafft der technische Fortschritt per Saldo eher Arbeitsplätze als sie zu vernichten. Auch ist bisher eine Verstärkung des technischen Fortschrittes durch digitale Beschleunigung und technologisch verursachte Freisetzungen nicht zu verzeichnen. Die derzeit relativ hohe Arbeitslosigkeit hat neben schwacher Nachfrage Immigration, einen Anstieg der Erwerbsbeteiligung und Rationalisierungen zur Ursache. Die vorliegenden Studien differieren nicht bloß über das Ausmaß der potentiellen digitalisierungsbedingten Freisetzungen, es besteht auch keineswegs Einigkeit darüber, ob primär ungelernte Tätigkeiten davon betroffen sein würden. Selbst wenn die Wahrscheinlichkeit massiver technologisch bedingter Nettofreisetzungen auf absehbare Zeit nicht sehr groß sein dürfte, sollte die Wirtschaftspolitik bereits jetzt reagieren. An erster Stelle sollte die Schlechterstellung der Arbeit relativ zu anderen Produktionsfaktoren im Abgabensystem korrigiert werden, was zugleich auch den Rationalisierungsdruck mindern würde. Zweitens gilt es, durch Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie durch Umschulungen die entsprechenden digitalen Qualifikationen bereitzustellen und drittens die Regulierungen entsprechend anzupassen. Viertens muss durch geeignete Nachfragepolitik ein Klima geschaffen werden, in dem der Übergang zwischen den Arbeitsplätzen erleichtert wird. Fünftens muss durch entsprechende Wettbewerbs- und Verteilungspolitik dafür gesorgt werden, dass die Automatisierungsgewinne nicht einigen wenigen Unternehmen oder Personen zufallen.

Suggested Citation

  • Gunther Tichy, 2016. "Geht der Arbeitsgesellschaft die Arbeit aus?," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 89(12), pages 853-871, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:monber:y:2016:i:12:p:853-871
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    Cited by:

    1. Werner Hölzl & Susanne Bärenthaler-Sieber & Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Klaus S. Friesenbichler & Agnes Kügler & Andreas Reinstaller & Peter Reschenhofer & Bernhard Dachs & Martin Risak, 2019. "Digitalisation in Austria. State of Play and Reform Needs," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61892, February.
    2. Stefan Ederer, 2018. "Makroökonomische Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 91(12), pages 855-862, December.
    3. Gunther Tichy, 2018. "Polarisierung der beruflichen Anforderungen durch die Digitalisierung?," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 91(3), pages 177-190, March.
    4. Michael Peneder & Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Matthias Firgo & Oliver Fritz & Gerhard Streicher, 2017. "Ökonomische Effekte der Digitalisierung in Österreich," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 90(3), pages 177-192, March.
    5. Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Michael Böheim & Elisabeth Christen & Stefan Ederer & Matthias Firgo & Klaus S. Friesenbichler & Werner Hölzl & Mathias Kirchner & Angela Köppl & Agnes Kügler & Christine May, 2018. "Politischer Handlungsspielraum zur optimalen Nutzung der Vorteile der Digitalisierung für Wirtschaftswachstum, Beschäftigung und Wohlstand," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 61256, February.
    6. Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Ulrike Huemer, 2017. "Österreich 2025 – Die Rolle ausreichender Basiskompetenzen in einer digitalisierten Arbeitswelt," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 90(2), pages 131-140, February.

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