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L’effet de la complexité économique sur la pollution de l’air : une autre approche de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets

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  • Myriam BEN SAAD

    (LEAD, Université de Toulon)

Abstract

L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence, au-delà de l’effet du PIB par habitant, le rôle majeur de l’évolution des transformations structurelles sur le niveau de pollution de l’air (émissions de CO2/tête), en reprenant autrement le modèle de la courbe environne-mentale de Kuznets, estimé sur un échantillon de 133 pays de 1984 à 2014. L’influence des changements structurels sur la pollution est évaluée de manière originale par un indice de complexité économique. La diminution relative de la pollution à partir d’un cer-tain seuil, particulièrement perceptible dans les pays à revenu élevé, résulte davantage d’une large transformation structurelle que du niveau de développement, même s’il peut exister un certain lien entre eux. Nous montrons que l’accroissement de la complexité économique permet plus rapidement d’atteindre le seuil de retournement du niveau de pollution que l’accroissement du PIB/tête. Ce résultat laisse apparaître que pour réduire la pollution, le mode de croissance et les spécialisations productives sont plus importants que la croissance elle-même et le niveau de développement économique atteint.

Suggested Citation

  • Myriam BEN SAAD, 2017. "L’effet de la complexité économique sur la pollution de l’air : une autre approche de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 46, pages 21-41.
  • Handle: RePEc:tou:journl:v:46:y:2017:p:21-41
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Complexité économique; Pollution de l’air; Courbe environnementale de Kuznets; Transformation structurelle; Panel dynamique;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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