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Liability rules for international trading of greenhouse gas emissions quotas

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  • Erik Haites
  • Fanny Missfeldt

Abstract

To reduce the costs of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the Kyoto protocol, international trades of emissions quotas are allowed. The revenue from the sale of quotas may exceed the sanctions for non-compliance if these penalties are weak or poorly enforced. Under these circumstances emissions trading enables a country to benefit financially through non-compliance. To counter non-compliance due to trading a range of liability proposals have been suggested. Using a simple global model, we analyze the economic and environmental performance of these proposals for the first commitment period. In addition, the proposals are tested for their sensitivity to national circumstances and to market power. We find that penalties are sufficient to deter non-compliance if they are high enough and are effectively enforced. If the non-compliance penalties are weak or poorly enforced, the permanent reserve proposal is best able to ensure compliance by sellers at a cost similar to the competitive market equilibrium. While not sufficient to ensure compliance on their own, eligibility requirements and annual retirement of AAUs equal to actual emissions contribute to compliance at little or no cost. Hence, such provisions could complement other liability proposals.

Suggested Citation

  • Erik Haites & Fanny Missfeldt, 2001. "Liability rules for international trading of greenhouse gas emissions quotas," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 85-108, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:tcpoxx:v:1:y:2001:i:1:p:85-108
    DOI: 10.3763/cpol.2001.0108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. Denny Ellerman & Ian Sue Wing, 2000. "Supplementarity: An Invitation to Monopsony?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4), pages 29-59.
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    Cited by:

    1. Haites, Erik & Missfeldt, Fanny, 2004. "Liquidity implications of a commitment period reserve at national and global levels," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 845-868, September.
    2. Nentjes, Andries & Klaassen, Ger, 2004. "On the quality of compliance mechanisms in the Kyoto Protocol," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 531-544, March.
    3. Konidari, Popi & Mavrakis, Dimitrios, 2007. "A multi-criteria evaluation method for climate change mitigation policy instruments," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 6235-6257, December.
    4. Godal, Odd & Klaassen, Ger, 2003. "Compliance and Imperfect Intertemporal Carbon Trading," Working Papers in Economics 09/03, University of Bergen, Department of Economics.

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