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Racial Differences in Spatial Job Search Patterns: Exploring the Causes and Consequences

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  • Michael A. Stoll
  • Steven Raphael

Abstract

In this paper, we present an analysis of the spatial job search patterns of black, white, and Latino workers in Los Angeles. We find that blacks and Latinos tend to search in areas where employment growth is low, whereas whites tend to search in areas where it is high. Moreover, over half of the mean racial and ethnic differences in the quality of spatial job search (as measured by mean employment growth in areas searched) is explained by racial residential segregation. In addition, racial segregation is a more important explanation of racial differences in spatial job search quality than systematic differences in social networks and job search methods, though these factors matter. Spatial job search quality has a positive and significant effect on the employment of whites and blacks, but not Latinos, and explains nearly 40 percent of the difference between white and black employment rates. These results are consistent with the existence of spatial mismatch in urban labor markets and imply that racial residential segregation limits the job opportunities of blacks, and to a lesser extent Latinos, in metropolitan areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael A. Stoll & Steven Raphael, 2000. "Racial Differences in Spatial Job Search Patterns: Exploring the Causes and Consequences," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 76(3), pages 201-223, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:recgxx:v:76:y:2000:i:3:p:201-223
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2000.tb00141.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Steven Raphael & Michael A. Stoll, 2000. "Can Boosting Minority Car-Ownership Rates Narrow Inter-Racial Employment Gaps," JCPR Working Papers 200, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    2. Gary Painter & Cathy Yang Liu & Duan Zhuang, 2007. "Immigrants and the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Employment Outcomes among Immigrant Youth in Los Angeles," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(13), pages 2627-2649, December.
    3. Laurent Gobillon & Harris Selod & Yves Zenou, 2007. "The Mechanisms of Spatial Mismatch," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(12), pages 2401-2427, November.
    4. Manuel Suárez & Masanori Murata & Javier Delgado Campos, 2016. "Why do the poor travel less? Urban structure, commuting and economic informality in Mexico City," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(12), pages 2548-2566, September.
    5. Phillips, David C., 2014. "Getting to work: Experimental evidence on job search and transportation costs," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 72-82.
    6. Fader, Jamie J. & Dum, Christopher P., 2013. "Doing time, filling time: Bureaucratic ritualism as a systemic barrier to youth reentry," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 899-907.
    7. Liping Wang & Cifang Wu & Songnian Zhao, 2022. "A Review of Spatial Mismatch Research: Empirical Debate, Theoretical Evolution and Connotation Expansion," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    8. Chris Herbst & Burt Barnow, 2008. "Close to Home: A Simultaneous Equations Model of the Relationship Between Child Care Accessibility and Female Labor Force Participation," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 128-151, March.
    9. Naomi F. Sugie & Michael C. Lens, 2017. "Daytime Locations in Spatial Mismatch: Job Accessibility and Employment at Reentry From Prison," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(2), pages 775-800, April.
    10. Michael A. Stoll, 2005. "Geographical Skills Mismatch, Job Search and Race," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(4), pages 695-717, April.
    11. Daniel Baldwin Hess, 2005. "Access to Employment for Adults in Poverty in the Buffalo-Niagara Region," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(7), pages 1177-1200, June.
    12. Gregory D. Squires & Charis E. Kubrin, 2005. "Privileged Places: Race, Uneven Development and the Geography of Opportunity in Urban America," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(1), pages 47-68, January.
    13. Patacchini, Eleonora & Zenou, Yves, 2005. "Spatial mismatch, transport mode and search decisions in England," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 62-90, July.
    14. Zenou, Yves, 2009. "Search in cities," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 607-624, August.
    15. Holzer, Harry J & Raphael, Steven & Stoll, Michael A, 2006. "Perceived Criminality, Criminal Background Checks, and the Racial Hiring Practices of Employers," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 49(2), pages 451-480, October.
    16. Gobillon, Laurent & Magnac, Thierry & Selod, Harris, 2007. "The Effect of Location on Finding a Job in the Greater Paris Area," IZA Discussion Papers 2848, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Bradley T. Ewing & William Levernier & Farooq Malik, 2002. "The Differential Effects of Output Shocks on Unemployment Rates by Race and Gender," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 68(3), pages 584-599, January.
    18. Zenou, Yves & Patacchini, Eleonora, 2003. "Mismatch, Transport Mode and Search Decisions in England," CEPR Discussion Papers 3968, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    19. repec:rre:publsh:v:33:y:2003:i:2:p:142-63 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Raphael, Steven & Stoll, Michael, 2000. "Can Boosting Minority Car-Ownership Rates Narrow Inter-Racial Employment Gaps?," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt4fq193gk, University of California Transportation Center.
    21. Michael A. Stoll & Steven Raphael & Harry J. Holzer, 2001. "Why Are Black Employers More Likely to Hire African Americans than White Employers?," JCPR Working Papers 228, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    22. Wursten, Jesse & Reich, Michael, 2021. "Racial Inequality and Minimum Wages in Frictional Labor Markets," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt01n6g4dz, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.
    23. Wursten, Jesse & Reich, Michael, 2023. "Racial inequality in frictional labor markets: Evidence from minimum wages," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    24. Basu, Arnab K. & Chau, Nancy H. & Lin, Gary C., 2022. "Migration Gravity, Networks, and Unemployment," IZA Discussion Papers 15808, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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