IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/intemj/v16y2020i2d10.1007_s11365-019-00606-4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investment in training and skills for innovation in entrepreneurial start-ups and incumbents: evidence from the United Kingdom

Author

Listed:
  • Maksim Belitski

    (University of Reading)

  • Rosa Caiazza

    (Parthenope University of Naples)

  • Yuliya Rodionova

    (The Russian Presidential Academy of the National Economy and Public Administration)

Abstract

Firms that aim to compete globally have to invest in knowledge and have to use knowledge returns to increase their competitive advantage. This paper extends our understanding of returns to knowledge investment by focusing on innovative training and skills in entrepreneurial organizations and incumbents, as well as the role of legal protection in further investment in knowledge. Using novel innovation data for a panel of 4049 firms in the UK, this paper estimates the training premium for the country’s most innovative firms. Returns on training vary between start-ups and incumbents and during economically-constrained times. Specifically, the study highlights evidence for higher returns on training during times of crisis and lower returns before the crisis. In filling a gap in the calculation of returns to investment in knowledge creation within organization, the study advances our understanding on how entrepreneurial firms need to invest in training and skills to increase innovation outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Maksim Belitski & Rosa Caiazza & Yuliya Rodionova, 2020. "Investment in training and skills for innovation in entrepreneurial start-ups and incumbents: evidence from the United Kingdom," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 617-640, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:intemj:v:16:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s11365-019-00606-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11365-019-00606-4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11365-019-00606-4
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11365-019-00606-4?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tan, Hong & Batra, Geeta, 1997. "Technology and Firm Size-Wage Differentials in Colombia, Mexico, and Taiwan (China)," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 11(1), pages 59-83, January.
    2. Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia, 1995. "Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 29-51, July.
    3. Alan Barrett & Philip J. O'Connell, 2001. "Does Training Generally Work? The Returns to in-Company Training," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 54(3), pages 647-662, April.
    4. H. Bulut & G. Moschini, 2009. "US universities' net returns from patenting and licensing: a quantile regression analysis," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 123-137.
    5. Arora, Ashish & Ceccagnoli, Marco & Cohen, Wesley M., 2008. "R&D and the patent premium," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 1153-1179, September.
    6. Zoltán J. Ács & Pontus Braunerhjelm & David B. Audretsch & Bo Carlsson, 2015. "The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship," Chapters, in: Global Entrepreneurship, Institutions and Incentives, chapter 7, pages 129-144, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    7. Acs, Zoltan J. & Audretsch, David B., 1987. "Innovation in large and small firms," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 109-112.
    8. G. M.P. Swann, 2009. "The Economics of Innovation," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 13211.
    9. Maksim Belitski & Rosa Caiazza & Erik E. Lehmann, 0. "Knowledge frontiers and boundaries in entrepreneurship research," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-11.
    10. Acosta, Pablo A. & Lartey, Emmanuel K.K. & Mandelman, Federico S., 2009. "Remittances and the Dutch disease," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(1), pages 102-116, September.
    11. Thornhill, Stewart, 2006. "Knowledge, innovation and firm performance in high- and low-technology regimes," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 687-703, September.
    12. Pavitt, Keith, 1984. "Sectoral patterns of technical change: Towards a taxonomy and a theory," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 343-373, December.
    13. Galia, Fabrice & Legros, Diego, 2004. "Complementarities between obstacles to innovation: evidence from France," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1185-1199, October.
    14. Sandra E. Black & Lisa M. Lynch, 2001. "How To Compete: The Impact Of Workplace Practices And Information Technology On Productivity," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 83(3), pages 434-445, August.
    15. Bassi, Laurie J, 1984. "Estimating the Effect of Training Programs with Non-Random Selection," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 66(1), pages 36-43, February.
    16. Daron Acemoglu, 1997. "Training and Innovation in an Imperfect Labour Market," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 64(3), pages 445-464.
    17. Davidsson, Per & Honig, Benson, 2003. "The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 301-331, May.
    18. Alfred Kleinknecht & Kees Van Montfort & Erik Brouwer, 2002. "The Non-Trivial Choice between Innovation Indicators," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 109-121.
    19. Acs, Zoltan J & Audretsch, David B, 1987. "Innovation, Market Structure, and Firm Size," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 69(4), pages 567-574, November.
    20. Frenz, Marion & Ietto-Gillies, Grazia, 2009. "The impact on innovation performance of different sources of knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(7), pages 1125-1135, September.
    21. K. J. Arrow, 1971. "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: F. H. Hahn (ed.), Readings in the Theory of Growth, chapter 11, pages 131-149, Palgrave Macmillan.
    22. Alexander Brem, 2011. "Linking innovation and entrepreneurship – literature overview and introduction of a process-oriented framework," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 14(1), pages 6-35.
    23. Johnson, Joanne & Baldwin, John R., 1995. "Human Capital Development and Innovation: The Case of Training in Small and Medium Sized Firms," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 1995074e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
    24. Baum, Joel A. C. & Silverman, Brian S., 2004. "Picking winners or building them? Alliance, intellectual, and human capital as selection criteria in venture financing and performance of biotechnology startups," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 411-436, May.
    25. Black, Sandra E & Lynch, Lisa M, 1996. "Human-Capital Investments and Productivity," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(2), pages 263-267, May.
    26. Leiponen, Aija & Byma, Justin, 2009. "If you cannot block, you better run: Small firms, cooperative innovation, and appropriation strategies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(9), pages 1478-1488, November.
    27. Giovannetti, Emanuele & Piga, Claudio A., 2017. "The contrasting effects of active and passive cooperation on innovation and productivity: Evidence from British local innovation networks," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 102-112.
    28. Negassi, S., 2004. "R&D co-operation and innovation a microeconometric study on French firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 365-384, April.
    29. Michael Lubatkin & John Florin & William S. Schulze, 2003. "A social capital model of high growth ventures," Post-Print hal-02311715, HAL.
    30. Ashish Arora & Anand Nandkumar, 2011. "Cash-Out or Flameout! Opportunity Cost and Entrepreneurial Strategy: Theory, and Evidence from the Information Security Industry," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(10), pages 1844-1860, October.
    31. Mark Cassidy & Holger Görg & Eric Strobl, 2005. "Knowledge Accumulation, And Productivity: Evidence From Plant‐Level Data For Ireland," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 52(3), pages 344-358, July.
    32. Arora, Ashish & Athreye, Suma & Huang, Can, 2016. "The paradox of openness revisited: Collaborative innovation and patenting by UK innovators," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(7), pages 1352-1361.
    33. Valérie Barraud-Didier & Sylvie Guerrero, 2004. "High Involvement Practices and Performance of French Firms," Post-Print halshs-00006003, HAL.
    34. David Audretsch & Rosa Caiazza, 2016. "Technology transfer and entrepreneurship: cross-national analysis," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 41(6), pages 1247-1259, December.
    35. Greenhalgh, Christine & Rogers, Mark, 2006. "The value of innovation: The interaction of competition, R&D and IP," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 562-580, May.
    36. Unger, Jens M. & Rauch, Andreas & Frese, Michael & Rosenbusch, Nina, 2011. "Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 341-358, May.
    37. Herron, Lanny & Robinson, Richard Jr., 1993. "A structural model of the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics on venture performance," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 281-294, May.
    38. Lester Lloyd-Reason & Atanas Damyanov & Ovidiu Nicolescu & Stuart Wall, 2005. "Internationalisation process, SMEs and transitional economies: a four-country perspective," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 5(3/4), pages 206-226.
    39. Kortum, Samuel & Lerner, Josh, 1999. "What is behind the recent surge in patenting?1," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 1-22, January.
    40. Haber, Sigal & Reichel, Arie, 2007. "The cumulative nature of the entrepreneurial process: The contribution of human capital, planning and environment resources to small venture performance," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 119-145, January.
    41. Branzei, Oana & Vertinsky, Ilan, 2006. "Strategic pathways to product innovation capabilities in SMEs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 75-105, January.
    42. Jan Druker, 2003. "Enabling business innovation: government policy in the UK," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 3(3), pages 211-226.
    43. Rosa Caiazza, 2016. "A cross-national analysis of policies affecting innovation diffusion," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 41(6), pages 1406-1419, December.
    44. Belitski, Maksim & Aginskaja, Anna & Marozau, Radzivon, 2019. "Commercializing university research in transition economies: Technology transfer offices or direct industrial funding?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 601-615.
    45. Michael Lubatkin & John Florin & William S. Schulze, 2003. "A social capital model of high growth ventures," Post-Print hal-02276699, HAL.
    46. Harry J. Holzer & Richard N. Block & Marcus Cheatham & Jack H. Knott, 1993. "Are Training Subsidies for Firms Effective? The Michigan Experience," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 46(4), pages 625-636, July.
    47. Maksim Belitski & Sameeksha Desai, 2016. "What drives ICT clustering in European cities?," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 430-450, June.
    48. Maksim Belitski & Sameeksha Desai, 2016. "Creativity, entrepreneurship and economic development: city-level evidence on creativity spillover of entrepreneurship," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 41(6), pages 1354-1376, December.
    49. Rosa Caiazza & Aileen Richardson & David Audretsch, 2015. "Knowledge effects on competitiveness: from firms to regional advantage," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 40(6), pages 899-909, December.
    50. Mark Schankerman, 1998. "How Valuable is Patent Protection? Estimates by Technology Field," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 29(1), pages 77-107, Spring.
    51. Eaton, Jonathan & Kortum, Samuel, 1999. "International Technology Diffusion: Theory and Measurement," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 40(3), pages 537-570, August.
    52. Audretsch, David B. & Bönte, Werner & Keilbach, Max, 2008. "Entrepreneurship capital and its impact on knowledge diffusion and economic performance," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 687-698, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sohail, Kanza & Belitski, Maksim & Castro Christiansen, Liza, 2023. "Developing business incubation process frameworks: A systematic literature review," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    2. Cayetano Medina Molina & Domingo Ribeiro Soriano & Cristina Blanco González-Tejero, 2023. "Multi-level corporate entrepreneurship in SMEs: an intra-metropolitan analysis," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(7), pages 2185-2213, October.
    3. Lo, Fang-Yi & Nguyen, Thi Hong Anh, 2023. "Cross-cultural adjustment and training on international expatriates' performance," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    4. Weam Tunsi & Hisham Alidrisi, 2023. "The Innovation-Based Human Development Index Using PROMETHEE II: The Context of G8 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-13, July.
    5. Iuliia Iliashenko & Fragkoulis Papagiannis & Patrizia Gazzola & Nataliia Cherkas & Daniele Grechi, 2023. "Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Organisational Propensity to Innovate in a Public-Sector Context," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 32(1), pages 111-156, March.
    6. Xie, Xuemei & Wu, Yonghui & Martínez, José Manuel Guaita, 2023. "More is not always better: Reconciling the dilemma of R&D collaboration in high-tech industries in transition economies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    7. Colombelli, Alessandra & Belitski, Maksim & D’Amico, Elettra, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence and Firm Innovation: The Resource-Allocation Perspective," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis LEI & BRICK - Laboratory of Economics of Innovation "Franco Momigliano", Bureau of Research in Innovation, Complexity and Knowledge, Collegio 202304, University of Turin.
    8. Guckenbiehl, Peter & Corral de Zubielqui, Graciela & Lindsay, Noel, 2021. "Knowledge and innovation in start-up ventures: A systematic literature review and research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    9. Škare, Marinko & Blanco-Gonzalez-Tejero, Cristina & Crecente, Fernando & del Val, Maria Teresa, 2022. "Scientometric analysis on entrepreneurial skills - creativity, communication, leadership: How strong is the association?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    10. Colombelli, Alessandra & Belitski, Maksim & D’Amico, Elettra, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence and Firm Innovation: The Resource-Allocation Perspective," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis. Working Papers 202316, University of Turin.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. David B. Audretsch & Maksim Belitski & Rosa Caiazza & Erik E. Lehmann, 2020. "Knowledge management and entrepreneurship," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 373-385, June.
    2. Cohen, Wesley M., 2010. "Fifty Years of Empirical Studies of Innovative Activity and Performance," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 129-213, Elsevier.
    3. Joern H. Block & Christian O. Fisch & Mirjam van Praag, 2017. "The Schumpeterian entrepreneur: a review of the empirical evidence on the antecedents, behaviour and consequences of innovative entrepreneurship," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 61-95, January.
    4. Unger, Jens M. & Rauch, Andreas & Frese, Michael & Rosenbusch, Nina, 2011. "Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 341-358, May.
    5. Rosa Caiazza & Maksim Belitski & David B. Audretsch, 2020. "From latent to emergent entrepreneurship: the knowledge spillover construction circle," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 694-704, June.
    6. Angela Rocio Vasquez-Urriago & Andrés Barge-Gil & Aurelia Modrego Rico, 2016. "Which firms benefit more from being located in a Science and Technology Park? Empirical evidence for Spain," Research Evaluation, Oxford University Press, vol. 25(1), pages 107-117.
    7. David Bruce Audretsch & Maksim Belitski & Rosa Caiazza, 2021. "Start-ups, Innovation and Knowledge Spillovers," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 46(6), pages 1995-2016, December.
    8. Lattacher, Wolfgang & Gregori, Patrick & Holzmann, Patrick & Schwarz, Erich J., 2021. "Knowledge spillover in entrepreneurial emergence: A learning perspective," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    9. Audretsch, David B. & Belitski, Maksim, 2020. "The role of R&D and knowledge spillovers in innovation and productivity," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    10. Honjo, Yuji, 2021. "The impact of founders’ human capital on initial capital structure: Evidence from Japan," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    11. Maksim Belitski & Rosa Caiazza & Erik E. Lehmann, 2021. "Knowledge frontiers and boundaries in entrepreneurship research," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 521-531, February.
    12. Hyejin Jung & Inseok Seo & Kyujin Jung, 2018. "Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship in Explaining the Association Between Income Inequality and Regional Economic Performance," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 32(2), pages 135-145, May.
    13. Ko, Eun-Jeong & McKelvie, Alexander, 2018. "Signaling for more money: The roles of founders' human capital and investor prominence in resource acquisition across different stages of firm development," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 438-454.
    14. Addison, John T. & Belfield, Clive R., 2004. "Unions, Training, and Firm Performance: Evidence from the British Workplace Employee Relations Survey," IZA Discussion Papers 1264, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. Shao, Yan & Sun, Lingxia, 2021. "Entrepreneurs’ social capital and venture capital financing," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 499-512.
    16. Enrico Santarelli & Hien Tran, 2013. "The interplay of human and social capital in shaping entrepreneurial performance: the case of Vietnam," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 435-458, February.
    17. Michael Noel & Mark Schankerman, 2013. "Strategic Patenting and Software Innovation," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(3), pages 481-520, September.
    18. Thomas Ã…stebro & Kevyn Yong, 2016. "Invention Quality and Entrepreneurial Earnings: The Role of Prior Employment Variety," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 40(2), pages 381-400, March.
    19. Rosa Caiazza & Phillip Phan & Erik Lehmann & Henry Etzkowitz, 2021. "An absorptive capacity-based systems view of Covid-19 in the small business economy," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 1419-1439, September.
    20. Frank Barry & Holger Görg & Eric Strobl, 2004. "Multinationals and Training: Some Evidence from Irish Manufacturing Industries," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 51(1), pages 49-61, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:intemj:v:16:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s11365-019-00606-4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.