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Exit Threats and Cooperation under Anonymity

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  • Rudolf Schuessler

    (University of Duisburg)

Abstract

A strategy contest in an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with an exit option after each game is developed. The whole model is assumed to represent the conditions for egoistical cooperation in a large and anonymous society, which is based mainly on exchange relationships and voluntary cooperation between individuals; therefore, it is appropriate for studying the social stability of free markets. The strategies have no memory, effects of reputation do not exist, and defectors cannot be identified, traced, and held responsible for their actions. This scenario abandons the preconditions usually regarded as necessary for establishing cooperation. Nevertheless, egoistical cooperation may emerge in this model. It turns out that egoistical cooperation is much more robust than realized by most game-theoretical and sociological analyses.

Suggested Citation

  • Rudolf Schuessler, 1989. "Exit Threats and Cooperation under Anonymity," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 33(4), pages 728-749, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:33:y:1989:i:4:p:728-749
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002789033004007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kreps, David M. & Wilson, Robert, 1982. "Reputation and imperfect information," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 253-279, August.
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    2. Peter Kurrild-Klitgaard, 2010. "Exit, collective action and polycentric political systems," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 143(3), pages 339-352, June.
    3. Andriy Zapechelnyuk & Ro'i Zultan, 2008. "Altruism, Partner Choice, and Fixed-Cost Signalling," Levine's Working Paper Archive 122247000000002199, David K. Levine.
    4. Guido, Andrea & Robbett, Andrea & Romaniuc, Rustam, 2019. "Group formation and cooperation in social dilemmas: A survey and meta-analytic evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 192-209.
    5. Kurokawa, Shun & Zheng, Xiudeng & Tao, Yi, 2019. "Cooperation evolves more when players keep the interaction with unknown players," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 350(C), pages 209-216.
    6. Qu, Xinglong & Zhou, Changli & Cao, Zhigang & Yang, Xiaoguang, 2016. "Conditional dissociation as a punishment mechanism in the evolution of cooperation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 449(C), pages 215-223.
    7. Esther Hauk, "undated". "Leaving the Prison: A Discussion of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma under Preferential Partner Selection," Computing in Economics and Finance 1996 _067, Society for Computational Economics.
    8. Heiner, Ronald Asher, 2002. "Robust Evolution Of Contingent Cooperation In Pure One-Shot Prisoners' Dilemmas. Part I: Vulnerable Contingent Participators Versus Stable Contingent Cooperators," CSLE Discussion Paper Series 2002-09, Saarland University, CSLE - Center for the Study of Law and Economics.
    9. Ahn, T.K. & Isaac, R. Mark & Salmon, Timothy C., 2009. "Coming and going: Experiments on endogenous group sizes for excludable public goods," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(1-2), pages 336-351, February.

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