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Long-Term Impact of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E

Author

Listed:
  • Richard L. Dukes

    (University of Colorado at Colorado Springs)

  • Judith A. Stein

    (University of California, Los Angeles)

  • Jodie B. Ullman

    (University of California, Los Angeles)

Abstract

The long-term effectiveness of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) was assessed by contrasting drug use and other D.A.R.E.-related attitudinal latent variables among 356 twelfth- grade students who had received the program in the 6th grade with 264 others who did not receive it. A prior study of these subjects when they were in 9th grade had shown no significant differences. A follow-up survey in 12th grade assessed central D.A.R.E. concepts such as self- esteem, police bonds, delay of experimentation with drugs, and various forms of drug use. Although the authors found no relationship between prior D.A.R.E. participation and later alcohol use, cigarette smoking, or marijuana use in 12th grade, there was a significant relationship between earlier D.A.R.E. participation and less use of illegal, more deviant drugs (e.g., inhalants, cocaine, LSD) in a development sample but not in a validation sample. Findings from the two studies suggest a possible sleeper effect for D.A.R.E. in reference to the use of harder drugs, especially among teenage males.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard L. Dukes & Judith A. Stein & Jodie B. Ullman, 1997. "Long-Term Impact of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E," Evaluation Review, , vol. 21(4), pages 483-500, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:evarev:v:21:y:1997:i:4:p:483-500
    DOI: 10.1177/0193841X9702100404
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ennett, S.T. & Tobler, N.S. & Ringwalt, C.L. & Flewelling, R.L., 1994. "How effective is drug abuse resistance education? A meta-analysis of project DARE outcome evaluations," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 84(9), pages 1394-1401.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gorman, D. M., 2002. "Defining and operationalizing `research-based' prevention: a critique (with case studies) of the US Department of Education's Safe, Disciplined and Drug-Free Schools Exemplary Programs," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 295-302, August.

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