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An Evaluation of D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), Using a Solomon Four-Group Design With Latent Variables

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Listed:
  • Richard L. Dukes

    (Colorado University, Colorado Springs)

  • Jodie B. Ullman

    (University of California, Los Angeles)

  • Judith A. Stein

    (University of California, Los Angeles)

Abstract

The authors examine the effectiveness of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.), con trolling for maturation and pretest sensitization by using a Solomon Four-Group design with latent variables. Results analyzed at the classroom level (440 classrooms, 10,000 students) indicated that D.A.R.E. participation resulted in greater self-esteem, stronger institutional bonds, and endorsement of fewer risky behaviors. The pretest was reactive on one of four latent-variable outcomes: resistance to peer pressure. Maturation resulted in effects counter to D.A.R.E.: lower self-esteem and weaker institutional bonds. Effects were stronger than those reported in prior meta-analytic studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard L. Dukes & Jodie B. Ullman & Judith A. Stein, 1995. "An Evaluation of D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), Using a Solomon Four-Group Design With Latent Variables," Evaluation Review, , vol. 19(4), pages 409-435, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:evarev:v:19:y:1995:i:4:p:409-435
    DOI: 10.1177/0193841X9501900404
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ennett, S.T. & Tobler, N.S. & Ringwalt, C.L. & Flewelling, R.L., 1994. "How effective is drug abuse resistance education? A meta-analysis of project DARE outcome evaluations," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 84(9), pages 1394-1401.
    2. Moskowitz, Joel M., 1993. "Why reports of outcome evaluations are often biased or uninterpretable : Examples from evaluations of drug abuse prevention programs," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9.
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