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Nouvelle économie du développement et essais cliniques randomisés : une mise en perspective d’un outil de preuve et de gouvernement

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  • Labrousse, Agnès

Abstract

Cet article propose de revenir sur l’essor remarquable en économie du développement de la méthodologie des essais contrôlés randomisés, à la fois en tant qu’outil de preuve et de gouvernement. Ce transfert constitue un apport décisif à l’économie mainstream du développement, tournant le dos au consensus de Washington et instillant une concrétude bienvenue. S’il s’agit d’une technique largement consolidée aujourd’hui, l’inscription de cette technique dans une épistémologie plus large (réflexions sur les types d’inférence à l’œuvre, le rapport à la théorie, le primat du micro et la question de la spécificité historique dans la montée en généralité) reste encore fragmentaire, ce qui occasionne des points aveugles et des limites notables. Cette technique, tout comme les essais cliniques, relève d’un construit social et n’est pas un instrument purement objectif. Outil de preuve, elle est également un outil de gouvernement – au sens foucaldien du terme – dont les applications ne sont pas sans rappeler d’autres formes d’ingénierie sociale et qui relève d’une forme de gouvernementalité largement distincte de la tradition néolibérale.

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  • Labrousse, Agnès, 2010. "Nouvelle économie du développement et essais cliniques randomisés : une mise en perspective d’un outil de preuve et de gouvernement," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 7.
  • Handle: RePEc:rvr:journl:2010:7818
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    1. Florent Bédécarrats & Isabelle Guérin & François Roubaud, 2019. "All that Glitters is not Gold. The Political Economy of Randomized Evaluations in Development," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 50(3), pages 735-762, May.
    2. Philippe Batifoulier & Denis Abecassis & Nicolas da Silva & Victor Duchesne & Léonard Moulin, 2016. "L’utilité sociale de la dépense publique," CEPN Working Papers hal-01421197, HAL.
    3. Florent BEDECARRATS & Isabelle GUERIN & François ROUBAUD, 2017. "L'étalon-or des évaluations randomisées : économie politique des expérimentations aléatoires dans le domaine du développement," Working Paper 753120cd-506f-4c5f-80ed-7, Agence française de développement.
    4. Nicolas Da Silva, 2020. "Quantifier la qualité des soins. Une critique de la rationalisation de la médecine libérale française," Revue française de socio-Economie, La découverte, vol. 0(en lutte), pages 261-280.
    5. Lemeilleur, Sylvaine & Allaire, Gilles, 2016. "Standardisation and guarantee systems: what can participatory certification offer?," Working Papers MOISA 250275, Institut National de la recherché Agronomique (INRA), UMR MOISA : Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs : CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
    6. Florent Bédécarrats & Isabelle Guérin & François Roubaud, 2015. "The gold standard for randomized evaluations: from discussion of method to political economy," Working Papers DT/2015/01, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    7. Prevost, Benoît & Rivaud, Audrey & Michelot, Agnès, 2016. "Économie politique des services écosystémiques : de l’analyse économique aux évolutions juridiques," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 19.
    8. Nicolas da Silva, 2018. "« L'industrialisation de la médecine libérale : une approche par l'économie des conventions »," Post-Print hal-02306255, HAL.
    9. Da Silva, Nicolas & Gadreau, Maryse, 2015. "La médecine libérale en France," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 17.
    10. Florent Bedecarrats & Isabelle Guérin & François Roubaud, 2017. "L'étalon-or des évaluations randomisées : du discours de la méthode à l'économie politique," Working Papers ird-01445209, HAL.
    11. Agathe Devaux-Spatarakis, 2014. "Experimentieren in der Praxis : Erkenntnisse aus drei Experimenten mit Zufallsauswahl [Experiments « in the making » : lessons from three randomized controlled trials]," Post-Print halshs-03510442, HAL.
    12. Jean Cartier-Bresson, 2013. "Le pouvoir du positivisme et ses limites : microéconométrie et macroéconométrie actuelles du développement," Working Papers hal-00847005, HAL.
    13. Florent Bédécarrats & Isabelle Guérin & François Roubaud, 2015. "The gold standard for randomised evaluations: from discussion of method to political economics," Working Papers CEB 15-009, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    épistémologie; Esther Duflo (J-PAL); expérimentation par assignation aléatoire; gouvernementalité; Nouvelle économie du développement; epistemology; Esther Duflo (J-PAL); governmentality; New Development Economics; randomized controlled experiment; epistemología gubernamental; experimentación por asignación aleatoria; J-PAL; nueva economiía del desarrollo;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
    • B0 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - General
    • B40 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - General

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