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Antitrust and Higher Education: Was There a Conspiracy to Restrict Financial Aid?

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  • Dennis W. Carlton
  • Gustavo E. Bamberger
  • Roy J. Epstein

Abstract

In 1991, the U.S. Justice Department's Antitrust Division accused MIT and the Ivy League schools of fixing prices. The schools claimed that their cooperative behavior enabled them to concentrate financial aid on needy students and did not affect price. We analyze the empirical determinants of tuition and find no evidence that the schools' agreement raised price. We also analyze the appropriate application of the antitrust laws to nonprofit institutions and conclude that, in the absence of adverse price or output effects, the justification for the collective action should be considered under the "Rule of Reason."

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  • Dennis W. Carlton & Gustavo E. Bamberger & Roy J. Epstein, 1995. "Antitrust and Higher Education: Was There a Conspiracy to Restrict Financial Aid?," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 26(1), pages 131-147, Spring.
  • Handle: RePEc:rje:randje:v:26:y:1995:i:spring:p:131-147
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roth,Alvin E. & Sotomayor,Marilda A. Oliveira, 1992. "Two-Sided Matching," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521437882, October.
    2. Michael Rothschild & Lawrence J. White, 1993. "The University in the Marketplace: Some Insights and Some Puzzles," NBER Chapters, in: Studies of Supply and Demand in Higher Education, pages 11-42, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Carlton, Dennis W. & Bamberger, Gustavo E. & Epstein, Roy J., 1994. "Antitrust and Higher Education," Working Papers 107, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
    4. Tjalling C. Koopmans & Martin J. Beckmann, 1955. "Assignment Problems and the Location of Economic Activities," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 4, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    5. Hausman, Jerry, 2015. "Specification tests in econometrics," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 38(2), pages 112-134.
    6. James, Estelle, et al, 1989. "College Quality and Future Earnings: Where Should You Send Your Child to College?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(2), pages 247-252, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cory S. Capps & Dennis W. Carlton & Guy David, 2020. "Antitrust Treatment Of Nonprofits: Should Hospitals Receive Special Care?," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 58(3), pages 1183-1199, July.
    2. Alexis Walckiers, 2008. "Multi-dimensional contracts with task-specific productivity: an application to universities," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 15(2), pages 165-198, April.
    3. Robert W. Crandall & Clifford Winston, 2005. "Does antitrust policy improve consumer welfare? Assessing the evidence," Chapters, in: Colin Robinson (ed.), Governments, Competition and Utility Regulation, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Holger Sieg & Dennis Epple & Richard Romano, 2003. "Peer effects, financial aid and selection of students into colleges and universities: an empirical analysis," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(5), pages 501-525.
    5. Searing Elizabeth A. M., 2014. "Charitable (Anti)Trust: The Role of Antitrust Regulation in the Nonprofit Sector," Nonprofit Policy Forum, De Gruyter, vol. 5(2), pages 1-28, October.
    6. Hashem Dezhbakhsh & John A. Karikari, 2010. "Enrollment At Highly Selective Private Colleges: Who Is Left Behind?," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 28(1), pages 94-109, January.
    7. Capps, Cory S. & Carlton, Dennis W. & David, Guy, 2010. "Antitrust Treatment of Nonprofits: Should Hospitals Receive Special Care?," Working Papers 232, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
    8. DANIEL P. McMILLEN & LARRY D. SINGELL & GLEN R. WADDELL, 2007. "Spatial Competition And The Price Of College," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 45(4), pages 817-833, October.
    9. Gordon C. Winston, 1999. "Subsidies, Hierarchy and Peers: The Awkward Economics of Higher Education," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 13(1), pages 13-36, Winter.
    10. Becker, William E. & Round, David K., 2009. "'The' Market for Higher Education: Does It Really Exist?," IZA Discussion Papers 4092, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Heather Antecol & Janet Kiholm Smith, 2012. "The Early Decision Option in College Admission and Its Impact on Student Diversity," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 55(1), pages 217-249.

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